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p. 229

INDEX

A

Absolutism, theory of, 90, 101

Abstinence, 160.

Adam-Klissi, 43.

Adige, river, 73.

Adriatic, Mithraism along the coasts of the, 67.

Æon, 105 et seq. (See Kronos.)

Agri Decumates, 52, 83, 199.

Ahriman, 7, 112, 137, 140; the destruction of the world by, 146.

Ahura-Mazda, 5 et seq., 20, 27, 94, 113, 222.

Alexander the Great, 12, 20, 192.

Alexandria, 92.

Alps, Mithraism in defiles of the, 72.

Amshaspands, 2, 5.

Anâhita, 8 et seq., 10, 20, 179 et seq.

Anaïtis, 112.

Anangke, 111.

Anauni, tribe of the, 206.

Animal disguises, 153.

Animals and stars, 122.

Antiochus of Commagene, 13, 14, 26, 27, 95.

Apathy, stoic, 161.

Apotheosis of the emperors, 90 et seq.

Apuleius, 164.

Apulum, 45, 139.

Aquileia, Mithraism in, 67 et seq., 73, 213.

Aquincum, 46.

Arcana, the secrecy of the, 172.

Archer, the divine, 138, 197, 228.

Arete, 112.

Aristocracy and Mithraism, the Roman, 81 et seq., 205.

Ark, 138.

Armenia, Mithraism in, 16.

Armenians, religion of the, 16.

Army, the principal agent of the diffusion of the Mithraic religion, 40 et seq.

Arshtât, 5.

Artagnes, 111.

Artaxerxes, 8, 9.

Artemis Tauropolos, 20.

Art, Mithraic, 24, 200 et seq. intricacy of, 221; symbolism of, 227; its influence on Christian sculpture, 196; Christianity adopts symbols of, 228.

Art of the empire, provincial, 219.

Ascension, Mithraic, 194.

Asceticism, 141.

Asha, 112.

Ashi-Vañuhi, 5.

Asia Minor, Mithraism in, 11 et seq.; resists the civilization of Rome, 35.

Asia Propria, 79

Asia, religions of, and the Cæsars, 91.

Astarte at Rome, 34.

Astrolatry, 10.

p. 230

Astrologers, 78, 85.

Astrology, 119, 125, 207.

Atar, 112.

Athena Nike, 210.

Atlas, 123.

Attis, 87, 105, 179, 198.

Aurelian, 88, 103, 185, 199.

Aurelius, Marcus, 37.

Austerities, 160.

Avesta, the, 1 et seq.

B

Ba'al, 42.

Baal of Emesa, 185.

Babylon, Mithraism in, 9, 10, 119.

Bacchus, 112.

Bactrian coins, 19.

Banquets, sacred, 173.

Baptism, 6, 157, 190, 173.

Baresman, 6, 26.

Basil, St., 28.

Bavay, 56.

Bear, title of, 153.

Bee, lion and, 185.

Bêl, 10.

Belgium, early school of sculpture of, 220.

Bellona, 35, 87.

Bell, sounding of a, 166.

Bethlehem, 195.

Bithynia, 79.

Blood, baptism of, 181.

Bologna, 151.

Bonn, 52.

Borghesi bas-relief, 21.

Boulogne, 56.

Bread and water, consecrated, 158.

Brenner pass, 73.

Britain, Mithraism in, 57 et seq., 79.

Brotherhoods, Mithraic, organization of, 168.

Brothers, 190.

Brunn, 214.

Bull, capture of the wild, 132, 135 et seq., 210; immolation of the mythical, 182; the Evil Spirit and the, 137; the divine, 146, 194.

Bundahish, 7.

Burial associations, 86.

C

Caërleon, 57.

Cæsarism, democratic fiction of, 90.

Cæsars, intimate alliance of, with the Sun, 98 et seq.; religions of Asia and the, 91; the successive Avatars of Helios (the Sun), 100; Mithraism favored the pretensions of the, 101.

Cæsar, the genius of, 93.

Calabria, 71.

Caligula, 93.

Capitol, bas-relief of, 81.

Cappadocia, Magi and Mithraism in, 26, 28, 42, 43, 46, 76.

Carnuntum, 38, 46, 47 et seq., 83, 88, 89, 163, 178, 200.

Catechumens, Christian, 155.

Catharsis, 141.

Cause, the suprasensible, 118.

Cauti, 129.

Cautopati, 129.

Caves, consecrated to the gods, 30.

Celibacy, 165.

Celsus, 82.

Cemetery, Mithraic, 171.

p. 231

Centurions, a microcosm of the empire, 40, 41.

Ceramists, Hellenic, 225.

Ceremonial, the occult, 162 et seq.

Chaldæans, theology of the, 10; as astrologers, 78, 95; theories, influence of their, 119.

Chester, 57.

Chosroes, vi.

Christ, 193, 195.

Christianity, battle between idolatry and, iii et seq.; struggle between Mithraism and, 188 et seq.; resemblances between Mithraism and, 193; differences between Mithraism and, 197; adopts symbols of Mithraic art, 228.

Christians, persecutions of, 200.

Christmas, 167, 191, 196, 202.

Chrysostomos, Dion, 25.

Church ornaments during the days of paganism, 218.

Cilicia, pirates of, 31, 35, 37, 42.

Clergy, Mithraic, 150 et seq., 165.

Cologne, 52.

Coloring of Mithraic statues, 219.

Colt, title of, 153.

Commagene, 41, 43, 178.

Commandments of Mithraism, 140.

Commerce, international, 79.

Commodus, 38, 83, 87, 97, 212.

Communion, the Mithraic, 158 et seq., 194.

Compromise, Mithraic policy of, 198.

Conflagration, 138.

Congregations, Mithraic, 169.

Constantine, 200.

Constantius, 201.

Constellations, worship of the Planets and the, 148.

Continence, 41.

Conventicles, the Mithraic, 171.

Corbulo, 47.

Creator, Mithra the, 137.

Crown, the, 156.

Ctesias, 9.

Cybele, 17, 30, 87, 112, 179.

D

Dacia, Mithraism in, 44 et seq., 139, 199.

Dadophori, 57. (See Torchbearers.)

Dalmatia, 40, 76.

Danube, 44, 51.

Darkness, the Spirit of, and his pestilential scourges, 137.

Day and night, struggle between, 4.

Dead, resurrection of the, 191.

Dea Syria at Rome, 35.

Deities, sidereal, 120; septuple division of the, 155.

Deliverance, 143.

Deluge, 138.

Despotism, 90, 91 et seq.

Destiny, 95, 109, 110, 124.

Devotees, Mithraic, 150 et seq.

Diadochi, Mithraism and the, 11 et seq.

Diana, 112.

Diocletian, vi, 48, 89, 98, 200.

Dioscuri, the, 123 et seq.

Disc, the radiant, 100.

Divine flame, 26.

Dog of Mithra, the, 135, 137.

Dolichenum, 178.

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Dolichenus, Jupiter, 36, 48, 178, 190.

Dormagen, 52.

Drave, Mithraism in valley of the, 73.

Drvâspa, 112.

Dualism, advantages of, 141.

E

Earth, mother, 115.

Ecliptic, 107.

Egypt, a theocratic government, 91.

Eisack, 73.

Elements, the four, 116 et seq., 148.

Elijah, 228.

Emperors, titles of, 97; worship of the, 90 et seq., 184.

Equinoxes, 167.

Erichthonios, birth of, 225.

Eternity, leontocephalous god of, the most original creation of Mithraic art, 224.

Etruria, 67, 72.

Eubulus, 82.

Eugenius, 205.

Europe, in danger of being Asiaticized, vi.

Eutropius, 44.

Evil Spirit and the Bull, the, 137.

F

Fatalism, 97, 147.

Fatality, 95, 109; belief in, 124.

Fates, 111.

Father, degree of, 152 et seq.

Father of the Fathers, 165, 177.

Festivals, Mithraic, 167.

Fire, 114; the inextinguishable, 99.

Flavianus, Nicomachus, 205.

Fleet at Ravenna, 46.

Flood, 191. (See Deluge.)

Fortuna regia, 97.

Fortune, 94 et seq., 102, 111.

Four Crowned Ones, passion of the, 218.

France, Mithraism in, 69.

Freemasonry, 162.

Friedberg, 52.

Friedländer, 217.

Future life, 144.

G

Galatia, 79.

Galerius, 89, 200.

Gâthas, 150.

Gaul, Mithraism in, 69 et seq., 79.

Generative Rock, the, 131 et seq., 194.

Geneva, 56, 70.

Genius of Cæsar, the, 93.

George the patriarch, 202.

Germanies, Mithraism in the two, 50 et seq., 52 et seq., 78.

Gigantomachy, 112, 113, 127.

Gilding, 220.

Glory, 94 et seq.

God, 187.

God, the passion of the, 192.

Gods, Iranian, worshipped under Greek and Latin names, 175.

Good and evil, the struggle between the principles of, 146.

Good, principle of, 148.

Gordianus III., 18, 32.

Gracchus, the prefect, 203.

Grace (halo), 94 et seq.; the Mithraic spirit of, 147.

Gratian, 205.

Greeks and Persians, iii.

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H

Hadrian, 40, 46; wall of, 57.

Haoma, 6, 112, 131, 158.

Heaven, 109, 191, 197.

Heavens, the, 121, 138.

Heddernheim, 53 et seq., 117.

Heidelberg, 55.

Helbig, 214.

Heliogabalus, 185.

Heliolatry, 184 et seq., 200.

Helios, 22, 138, 222.

Hell, 191, 206.

Hellenism, Iranism and, 20.

Heracles, C. Valerius, 105.

Hercules, 20, 111, 127, 222.

Hierarchy, the, 165.

Holy water, 157.

Honey, 157.

Hooerkes, 19.

Horeb, rock of, 197.

Horses, the four, 116 et seq.

Human couple, the first, 137.

Hvarenô, 94 et seq., 102.

I

Iconography, Mithraic, 226.

Idolatry, destruction of, 201.

Imagery, religious, 216.

Immortality, 143.

Initiates, the Mithraic, 155.

Initiation, 6; seven degrees of, 152; cruelty of the ceremonies of, 161.

Invictus, the epithet, 98.

Invincible, the epithet, 97 et seq., 143.

Iranism and Hellenism, 20.

Iran, naturalism of, 119.

Ishtar, 10.

Isis, Mysteries of, 178; at Rome, 34.

Italy, depopulated, 64; Mithraism in, 38, 70 et seq.

J

Janes, S. H., 176.

Jerome, St., 152.

Jerusalem, capture of, 37.

Jesus, life of, 194.

Jewish community trans Tiberim, 37.

Journey, the, 135.

Judaism, iv.

Julian the Apostate, 89, 201 et seq.

Juno, 111.

Jupiter, 110, 136.

Jupiter-Ormazd, 140, 146.

Kanerkes, 19.

Klagenfurt, 113.

Kronos, 105 et seq., 153, 162, 222, 223, 227.

L

Lambæse, 58.

Lampridius, 78, 83.

Last Supper, the, 138.

Latin world, diffusion of the Mithraic religion in the, 36.

Legio II adjutrix, 46.

Legion, fifteenth, 47 et seq.

Leontocephalous Kronos. (See Kronos.)

Licinius, 89.

Life, a battle, 140; beyond the tomb, 148.

Lion and bee, 185.

Lion, degree of, 152.

Lion-headed Kronos. (See Kronos.)

Liturgy Mazdean and Mithraic, 6, 150 et seq.

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Livianus, slave of T. Claudius 38.

Logos, the, 140, 191.

London, 57, 217.

Lord's Supper, the, 138, 158, 191.

Love feasts, 160.

Lucania, 71.

Lucian, 27, 82, 220.

Luna, 112. (See Moon.)

Lyons, 60, 69.

M

30, 180.

Macrobius, 187.

Magician, the word, 126.

Magi, the official Persian clergy, 9; in Asia Minor, 11 et seq., 20; propaganda of, 15; adoration of the, 195.

Magus, the title, 126.

Malachi, 193.

Manichæans, the, 165.

Manichæism, v, 207.

Man, origin and destiny of, 120.

Mars, 112.

Martyrs, Oriental, 175.

Masks, sacred, 153.

Mater, Magna, at Rome, 19, 34, 67; Mithraism associated with, 86 et seq., 179 et seq. (See Mother, Great.)

Mauls, 73.

Maximus of Ephesus, 202, 203.

Mayence, 52.

Mazdaism, ritual forms of, 28; priests of, 29; its influence on Occidental culture, iv; a congeries of traditions, 10; in Italy, 15; in Armenia, 16. (See Mithraism.)

Mediator, 140, 191.

Memphis, Mithra at, 33.

Men, Mithra and, 17.

Merchants disseminate Mithraism, 78.

Mercury, 112.

Metempsychosis, 153.

Metroon, 179, 182.

Middle Zone, 127.

Mihragân, the, 9.

Milan, 72.

Minerva, 112, 181.

Missal, a Mithraic, 152.

Mithra-Ahura, 2, 6.

Mithra-Anâhita, 17.

Mithra-Men, 17.

Mithra, the god of light, 2 et seq., 127 et seq.; as god of hosts and victory, 4, 8, 12; doctrine of redemption by, 5; a yazata, 5 et seq.; in the calendar, 8, 27; Shamash and, 10; King Antiochus and, 14; typical representations of, 21 et seq.; the tauroctonous, 21 et seq., 210, 216; legends and deeds of, 30, 127 et seq., 133; the invincible Sun identified with, 95, 121, 132; the mediator, 127 et seq.; the triple, 129; born from the rock, 130 et seq.; his combat with the bull, 132, 135 et seq., 210; his dog, 135, 137; the creator, 137, 140; the guide to heaven, 145; causing the living waters to leap forth, 197, 228.

Mithradates, the name. (See Mithridates.)

Mithræums, ruins of, 203.

Mithraism, the origins of, 1 et seq., 30; a composite religion, 31;

p. 235

analysis of the constituent elements of, 30; Semitic theories in, 10; religious survivals in, 30; struggle between Christianity and, v, 188 et seq.; resemblances between Christianity and, 193; differences between Christianity and, 197; dissemination of, in the Roman Empire, 33 et seq.; army principal agent of diffusion of, 40 et seq., 60, 77, 78; disseminated by Syrian merchants and slaves, 61 et seq., 63 et seq., 69, 74 et seq., 78; imperial officers disseminated, 74 et seq.; the Roman aristocracy and, 81 et seq., 205; the imperial power of Rome and, 85 et seq.; reasons the Roman Empire supported it, 88 et seq.; despotism and, 91 et seq.; favored the pretensions of the Cæsars, 101; dogmatology of, tended to lift princes above the level of humankind, 102; at its apogee, 15, 84 et seq., 88 et seq., 177, 199; the doctrines of, 104 et seq.; its theology, 105 et seq.; astrology and, 125; its liturgy, clergy and devotees, 150 et seq.; the religions of the empire and, 175 et seq.; importance of its history, vi; philosophy and, 25; the Stoic philosophy and, 25; excluded from the Hellenic world, 33; Roman tolerance of, 85; associated with the religion of the Magna Mater (Great Mother), 86 et seq.; legal status of, 86; sacred poetry of, 126; commandments of, 140; a religion of soldiers, 142; satisfied the hearts of the simple-minded, 148; allurements of, 149; conforms religion to ancient science, 149; offers opportunities for prayer and motives for veneration, 149; the religious expression of the physics and astronomy of the Roman world, 149; admission to, 156; stupendous illusions of, 173; women and, 173; its priests, 175; its policy of compromise, 198; its temples sacked, 199, 203; downfall of, 203 et seq.; its art, sculpture, etc., 209 et. seq.; monuments of, 43 et seq., 209 et seq.; not a cult of beauty, 226.

Mithrakana, the, 9, 167.

Mithridates, 13.

Mithridates Eupator, 31.

Mitra-Varuna, 2.

Mœsia, Mithraism. in, 40, 43, 74.

Monachism, Mithraic, 165.

Monarchical power, Mazdean ideas concerning, 95.

Monarchs, majesty of, sacred, 93.

Monotheism, 87, 188.

Moon, worship of the, 119.

Mosaicists, Christian, 222.

Moses, 197, 228.

Mothers, order of, 179.

Mother, the Great, 19. (See Mater, Magna.)

p. 236

Mysteries, the term, 29.

Myths, origin of, 187.

N

Nabarze, 142, 143, 150.

Nama, Nama Sebesio, 151.

Names, theophorous or god-bearing, 8, 34.

Narbonne, 69.

Natalis invicti. (See Christmas.)

Nativity, the, 196.

Naturalism of Iran, 119.

Necessity, 126.

Necromancy, 125.

Neo-Platonism, 184.

Neo-Pythagorism, 184.

Neptune, 111, 115.

Nero, 85, 93.

Nersæ, 38, 71.

Neuenheim, 55.

Neuwied, 52.

Nike, 112.

Noricum, Mithraism in, 49, 73, 75, 113.

Numidia, Mithraism in, 59.

O

Oblations of milk, oil, and honey, 26.

Occult, degree of, 152.

Ocean, 109, 115.

Officers, imperial, disseminate Mithraism, 74 et seq.

Oglia, river, 72.

Oneiromancy, 125.

Orestes, 20.

Oriental, cults, persecutions of the, 85; genius, triumphs over the Roman mind, 90; traffic, extension of, and spread of Mithraism, 69, 70.

Ormazd, v, 7, 111.

Osrhoene, 36.

Osterburken, 51, 220.

Ostia, 38, 66, 68, 105, 179, 210, 212.

Ox, title of, 153.

P

Pallas, 82.

Pannonia, Mithraism in, 46 et seq., 74, 199; quarries of, 218.

Pantheism, 149; solar, 188.

Pantheon, Mithraic, 109.

Paradise, 191.

Pâreñdî, 5.

Parseeism, development of, 15.

Parthians, 42, 47, 64.

Pergamon, 12; School of, 24, 192, 210.

Persian, degree of, 152.

Persians and Greeks, iii.

Persians, their apotheosis of their rulers, 93.

Petronell, 163.

Pharaohs, incarnations of the great day-star, 92.

Philippus, 88.

Philosophical conceptions, 148.

Philosophy and Mithraism, 25.

Phrygian cap, 131.

Piræus, 33.

Planets, 222; deified, 120 et seq.; and the Constellations, worship of the, 148.

Plutarch, 7, 36, 37, 96.

Pluto, 112.

Pompey, 37.

Pontiff, the chief, 165.

Pontus, 42.

Porphyry, 155, 158.

Pozzuoli, 64.

Prætextatus, 187.

Priesthood, Mazdean, 29.

Priests of Mithra, 175; slain, 205.

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Pronaos, 170.

Ptolemies, 93.

Ptolemy, 10.

Purification, 181.

Purity, 141.

Puster-Thal. 73.

Q

Quadriga, 116, 118, 138.

R

Râ, 92.

Radiate crown, 99.

Rashnu, 5.

Raven, degree of, 152 et seq.

Ravenna, fleet at, 46.

Redeemer, the, 193, 195.

Redemption, 143.

Resurrection of the flesh, 146, 171, 191, 206.

Revelation, 191.

Réville, Jean, 17.

Rhætia, 73.

Rhone, 69 et seq.

Ritual of Mazdaism, 28.

Rock, Mithra born from the, 130 et seq.; of generation, 194.

Roman aristocracy, Mithra and, 81 et seq.

Roman Emperors and theocracy, 90.

Roman tolerance of Mithraism, 85.

Rome, 210, 217; Mithraism at, 79 et seq.; the capital of paganism, 205.

Runner of the Sun, degree of. 152 et seq.

S

Sabazius-Anaïtis, 17.

Sacraments, 156, 157, 206.

Sacred bath, 180.

Sacrifice, the, 137, 166.

Sæculum, (See Kronos.)

Samson, 228.

Sarmizegetusa, 45, 142, 216.

Sarrebourg, 56, 204.

Sassanian kings, 100.

Saturn, Mithraic, 105 et seq. (See Kronos.)

Scarbantia, 49.

Schneider, Von, 214.

Schwarzerden, 56.

Scorpion, sign of the, 129.

Scotland, 43.

Sculpture, Mithraic, 196, 215; ancient, 226.

Seasons, the, 115, 121, 222.

Sebesio, Nama, Nama, 151.

Seleucidæ, the, 95.

Semitic theories in Mithraism, 10.

Serapis at Rome, 34.

Services, Mithraic, 162.

Seven spheres, the, 144.

Seven, the number, 120 et seq., 154.

Severus, Alexander, 18, 61, 78, 88.

Shahrîvar, 112.

Shamash, 10, 20, 121, 127, 128.

Shepherds, worship of the, 32, 194.

Sicily, Mithraism in, 68.

Sidereal influences, 206.

Silvanus, 66, 112, 136, 137.

Sisters, order of, 179.

Skeleton, Chained, 204.

Slaves, Asiatic, disseminated Mithraism and other Oriental cults, 63 et seq., 70, 71, 78.

Smyrna, 214.

Societies, Mithraic, 170.

p. 238

Sodalicia, 168, 171.

Solar, divinities, 99, 121; pantheism, 188.

Soldier, degree of, 152; Roman his religion, 42 et seq.

Soldiers, the principal agent of the diffusion of the Mithraic religion, 40 et seq., 78.

Sol invictus, cult of the, 89.

Sol the sun-god, 186.

Soul, immortality of, 143, 191.

Spain, Mithraism in, 59, 60, 79.

Spelæa, 161.

Speñta-Armaîti, 111.

Sraosha, 5.

Stars, worship of, 119; animals and, 122.

Statius, 37.

Stoic philosophy, Mithraism and the, 25, 184.

Stone-hewing industry of antiquity, 217.

Strabo, 11, 26.

Strassburg, 52.

Sunday, 101.

Sun, worship of the, 118, 183 et seq.; the invincible, identified with Mithra, 95, 121; Mithra and the, 132; intimate alliance of the Cæsars with the, 98 et seq.; consubstantiality of the emperor with, 101; birth of the, 167; of justice, 193; custom of invoking the, 195; also 128, 138, 148, 201.

Symbolism, astronomical, 130.

Syncretism, religious, 10-22, 187.

Syrian merchants disseminated Mithraism, 61 et seq.

Syrians, character and occupations of, 62 et seq.

T

Tarsus, 31, 32.

Taurobolium, 86, 180.

Tauroctonous, or bull-slaying, Mithra, the, 21 et seq.

Taurus, constellation of, 129.

Temples sacked, Mithraic, 199, 203.

Tertullian, 157, 165, 188.

Themis, 111.

Theocracy, Roman emperors and, 90.

Theodosius, 205.

Theologies, of the Orient and the philosophies of Greece, 14; the Mithraic, 147.

Theophorous, or god-bearing, names, 8, 34.

Thiasi, 155.

Time, 148, 153; boundless, 105 et seq.; infinite, 112, 121. (See Kronos.)

Titus, 47, 64.

Torch-bearers, 57, 68, 128 et seq., 211 et seq.

Toronto Mithra, the, 176.

Trajan, 44, 48, 64.

Trapezus, coins of, 18.

Trent, 73.

Treves, 56.

Trials, 160.

Trinity, v, 176; Mithraic, 111.

Triple Mithra, the, 129.

Twigs, sacred (baresman), 6, 26.

Tyche, 94 et seq.

U

Unction, 157.

V

Vanaiñiti, 112.

Vedas, 1 et seq.

p. 239

Vendidad, the, 26.

Venus, 112, 181.

Venusia, 71.

Verethraghna, 5, 20, 127, 222.

Vespasian, 46, 47, 77.

Veterans disseminate Mithraism, 77.

Vienna, 49.

Villa Albani, 212.

Virunum, 50, 73, 113, 199, 218.

Vulcan, 112, 114.

W

Water, 114.

West, 7.

Winds, the, 197, 222, 223.

Witchcraft, 125.

Women in Mithraism, 173.

World, origin and destiny of the, 109, 120, 140.

Y

Yazatas, 5 et seq., 175.

York, 57.

Z

Zeno, 25.

Zervan, 105 et seq., 125. (See Kronos.)

Zeus, 111, 222; Ahura-Mazda and, 20.

Zodiac, signs of the, 109, 121 et seq., 153, 223.

Zoroaster, 152.

Zoroastrianism, 2 et seq., 8, 165. (See Mithraism.)