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Contents

Contents

Preface

v

I. The Remains of the Trismegistic Literature

1-16

Writer and Reader

1

The Extant Trismegistic Literature

3

The Original MS. of our Corpus

6

Texts and Translations

8

II. The History of the Evolution of Opinion

17-46

The Chief Points of Interrogation

17

The Opinions of the Humanists

18

The First Doubt

20

The Launching of the Theory of Plagiarism

21

The Only Argument Adduced

22

The Theory of Hilgers

25

The German Theory of Neoplatonic “Syncretismus”

26

The French Theory of Egyptian Origin

27

The Views of Ménard

27

English Encyclopædism

33

Chambers’ Opinion

34

German Encyclopædism

35

A Recent Article by Granger

36

Reitzenstein and the Dawn of Right Views

40

A Key to Egypt’s Wisdom

44

The Answers to our Questions

44

III. Thoth the Master of Wisdom

47-81

Thoth-Teḥuti

47

Thoth according to Pietschmann

48

The Three Grades of the Egyptian Mysteries

50

Thoth according to Reitzenstein

51

Thoth according to Budge

52

His Deific Titles

53

His Symbols and Name

54

The Shrine of Thoth

56

Thoth and his Company of Eight

57

The “House of the Net”

58

Thoth the Logos

63

The Words of Thoth

63

Thoth and the Osirified

65

Thoth the Measurer

66

The Title “Thrice-greatest”

66

The Supremacy of Thoth

67

The Views of a Scholar-Mystic

68

The Spiritual Nature of the Inner Tradition of Egyptian Wisdom

69

The Holy Land of Egypt and its Initiates

70

Thoth the Initiator

71

Some of the Doctrines of Initiation

73

The Temples of Initiation

74

The Mystery of the Birth of Horus

75

“The Book of the Master”

77

The Steps of the Path

79

An Illuminative Study

80

IV. The Popular Theurgic Hermes-Cult in the Greek Magic Papyri

82-98

The “Religion of Hermes”

82

i. An Invocation to Hermes as the Good Mind

84

ii. An Invocation to Lord Hermes

86

iii. An Invocation to Lord Hermes

87

iv. An Invocation to Thoth as Logos

90

v. An Invocation to Hermes as the Spiritual Light

90

vi. The Mystic Rite of the Flame

93

vii. A Prayer of Consecration

97

V. The Main Source of the Trismegistic Literature according to Manetho High Priest of Egypt

99-127

Hermes at the Beginning of the Hellenistic Period

99

Petosiris and Nechepso

100

Manetho the Beloved of Thoth

102

The Letter of Manetho to Ptolemy Philadelphus

103

The Importance of Manetho’s Statement in his “Sothis”

105

Is “Sothis” a Forgery?

107

The Arguments of Encyclopædism refuted

108

The Seriadic Land

110

The Stelæ of Hermes

112

The Sons of Seth-Hermes

113

The Epithet “Thrice-greatest”

116

The Clue of Griffiths

118

The Earliest Trismegistic Literature

121

Philo Byblius

122

Are his “Phœnician Histories” a Forgery?

123

Sanchuniathon and the “Books of Hermes”

124

VI. An Egyptian Prototype of the Main Features of the Pœmandres’ Cosmogony

128-138

The Higher Criticism of the “Pœmandres”

128

A Prototype of its Cosmogenesis

129

A Praise-giving to Ptah

131

Ptah-Thoth the Wise One

132

Egyptian Syncretism 1000 B.C.

135

The Doctrine of “Pœmandres” Compared with that of its Prototype

136

The Man-Doctrine

138

VII. The Myth of Man in the Mysteries

139-198

The Gnostic Tradition

139

The “Philosophumena” of Hippolytus

140

The Naassenes

141

Analysis of Hippolytus’ Account of the Naassene Document

142

Hippolytus’ Introduction

146

The Material for the Recovery of the Original Hellenistic Document

148

Hippolytus’ Conclusion

186

Conclusion of Analysis

192

The Hellenist Commentator

193

The Jewish and Christian Overwriters

194

Zosimus and the Anthropos-Doctrine

196

Philo of Alexandria on the Man-Doctrine

197

VIII. Philo of Alexandria and the Hellenistic Theology

199-254

Concerning Philo and his Method

199

The Great Importance of his Writings

204

Concerning the Mysteries

205

Concerning the Sacred Marriage

216

Concerning the Logos

225

The Son of God

226

The True High Priest

227

The Elder and Younger Sons of God

229

Yet God is One

230

The Logos is Life and Light

231

The Divine Vision

233

The Sons of God on Earth

233

The City of God

235

God’s Shadow

236

The Mother-City of Refuge

237

The True Shepherd

238

The Apostles of God

239

The Ladder of the “Words”

239

The Logos the Spiritual Sun

241

The Disciples of the Logos

243

The River of the Divine Reason

244

Jerusalem Above

245

The Logos is as Manna and Coriander Seed

246

The Logos is the Pupil of God’s Eye

247

“Man shall not Live by Bread Alone”

248

The Logos-Mediator

249

The Yoga of Plotinus

251

The Race of God

253

IX. Plutarch: Concerning the Mysteries of Isis and Osiris

255-368

Foreword

255

Concerning Isis and Osiris

261-366

Address to Klea concerning Gnosis and the Search for Truth

261

The Art of Knowing and of Divinising

262

The True Initiates of Isis

263

Why the Priests are Shaven and wear Linen

265

Of the Refraining from Flesh and Salt and Superfluities

267

On the Drinking of Wine

268

On Fish Taboos

269

The Onion and Pig Taboos

271

The Kings, the Riddles of the Priests and the Meaning of Amoun

273

Of the Greek Disciples of Egyptians and of Pythagoras and his Symbols

274

Advice to Klea concerning the Hidden Meaning of the Myths

276

The Mystery-Myth

278

The Undermeaning, a Reflexion of a Certain Reason

291

Concerning the Tombs of Osiris

292

Concerning the Theory of Evemerus

295

The Theory of the Daimones

298

Concerning Sarapis

301

Concerning Typhon

304

The Theory of the Physicists

307

Concerning Osiris and Dionysus

310

The Theory of the Physicists Resumed

312

The Theory of the Mathematici

318

The Theory of the Dualists

328

The Proper Reason according to Plutarch

333

The Symbolism of the Sistrum

344

The True “Logos” again according to Plutarch

345

Against the Weather and Vegetation God Theories

346

Concerning the Worship of Animals and Totemism

353

Concerning the Sacred Robes

361

Concerning Incense

363

Afterword

367

X. “Hermas” and “Hermes”

369-386

An Anticipation

369

The Higher Criticism of “The Shepherd of Hermas”

370

The Introduction of the “Pastoral Hermas”

370

Comparison with our “Pœmandres”

371

The Popular Symbolic Representation of the Shepherd

372

The Name “Hermas”

374

An Early Form of the “Pœmandres”

374

The Holy Mount

375

“Gnostic” Elements

376

The Vices and Virtues

377

The Early Date of the Original “Hermas”

378

The Dependence Theory to be used with Caution

379

The Visions of Crates

380

The General Christian “Many” and the Gnostic “Few”

382

The Story of Abbot Olympius

384

A Final Word

385

XI. Concerning the Æon-Doctrine

387-412

The Scope of our Essay

387

The Orphic Tradition of the Genesis of the World Egg

388

Commentary

392

The Sethian Gnosis

393

The Mithriac Æon

399

Probable Date of Origin of the Hellenistic Æon-Doctrine

401

Abraxas

402

The Feast of the Æon

403

The Quintessence and the Monad

403

The Æon in Plato

404

Concerning the Hellenistic Origin of Æonology

405

The Æon the Logos

406

The Roman Sæculum Cult derived from Egypt

407

The Æonic Immensities of Egypt

407

A Song of Praise to the Æon

408

The Demiurgic Æon

410

The Æon in Theurgic Literature

410

XII. The Seven Zones and their Characteristics

413-428

Macrobius on “The Descent of the Soul from the Heights of Cosmos to the Depths of Earth”

413

The Tradition of Servius

418

Criticism of the Evidence

419

The “Ophite” Hebdomad

421

The Simpler Form of the Trismegistic Gnosis

423

Concerning Leviathan and Behemoth

423

The “Fence of Fire”

427

XIII. Plato: Concerning Metempsychosis

429-436

The Soul and her Mysteries in the “Phædrus”

429

Plotinus on Metempsychosis

434

Proclus on the Descent of Souls into Irrational Natures

435

XIV. The Vision of Er

437-449

Er Son of Armenius

437

From the Mysteries

438

The Cylinder

439

The Vision

440

Commentary

448

XV. Concerning the Crater or Cup

450-456

The Crater in Plato

450

In “Orpheus,” Macrobius, and Proclus

451

The Vision of Aridæus

452

The Origin of the Symbol to be sought in Orphic Tradition

456

XVI. The Disciples of Thrice-Greatest Hermes

457-481

Ptah, Sekhet and I-em-ḥetep (Asclepius)

457

Nefer-Tem

458

Imhotep-Imuth-Asclepius

459

Thāth-Tat

461

The Incarnations of Thoth

463

The Disciples of Lord Hermes in Petosiris and Nechepso

464

Tosothros-Asclepius

465

Imuth-Asclepius the Master-Mason and Poet

466

Æsculapius the Healer

467

Asclepius in Trismegistic Tradition

469

Concerning Ammon

471

Prophet and King

472

Amenhotep-Asclepius

473

The Sacred Group of Four

474

James, John and Peter

475

The Triad of Disciples

476

Chnum the Good Daimon

477

Osiris Disciple of Agathodaimon the Thrice-greatest

478

Logos-Mind the Good Daimon

478

Chnum Good Mind the Æon

480

Isis, Lady of Wisdom, Disciple of Thrice-greatest Hermes

481

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