Contents

I	The Qur’ān: The Word of God	15
	1. God Speaks to Man	16
	2. He Speaks Through the Prophets	26
	3. He Reveals Himself	39
	4. He Commands	43
	5. He Rewards and Punishes	51
II	The Ḥadīth: The News of God's Messenger	57
	1. Muhammad the Messenger	59
	2. The Founding of the Community	69
	3. Muhammad as Founder and Legislator	80
	4. Muhammad as Model and Guide	84
	5. The Preservation of the Prophetic Practice (Sunna)	88
III	The Law: Fiqh, Sharī‘a	92
	1. ‘Ibādāt	95
	2. The Regulation of Personal Status	118
	3. The Ordinance of the Community	122
	p. 8
	4. The Bidding Unto Good (Al-amr bi al-Ma‘ruf)	125
	5. The Rejecting of the Reprehensible (Al-nāhī ‘an al-munkar)	129
	6. The Universality of the Law	132
IV	Ṡūfism: The Interior Religion of the Community	136
	1. The Ascetics	137
	2. The Ecstatics	144
	3. The Antinomians	149
	4. The Poets	155
	5. The Dervishes	168
V	Kalām: The Statements of the Theologians	173
	1. Abū Ḥanīfa	174
	2. Al-Māturīdī	179
	3. Al-Ash‘arī	188
	4. Al-Juwaynī	193
	5. Al-Ghazālī	196
	6. Ibn Taymīya	205
VI	The Dissidents of the Community	211
	1. The Khārijīs	213
	p. 9
	2. The Zaydīs	219
	3. The Twelvers	224
	4. The Seveners	231
	References and Notes	243
	Guide to Pronunciation of Terms	251
	Index	253

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