Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834], at sacred-texts.com
Nehemiah Chapter 3
Eliashib (compare the marginal reference) was the grandson of Joshua, the high priest contemporary with Zerubbabel.
The sheep gate - This was a gate in the eastern wall, not far from the pool of Bethesda, marginal reference, which was perhaps originally a sheep-pool.
The exact line which the writer follows in describing the circuit of the wall will probably be always a matter of dispute. According to the view here taken, the line described commences near the pool of Bethesda, on the east of the city, and is traced thence, first, northward, then westward, then southward, and finally eastward, as far as the pool of Siloam Neh 3:15. From this point, it seems to the writer of this note that the line of the outer wall is not followed, but, instead of this, the inner wall of the "city of David," which included the temple, is traced. This wall is followed northward from the pool of Siloam, past the "sepulchres of David" and Hezekiah's pool to the "armoury" Neh 3:19 at its northwest corner; it is then followed eastward to "the tower which lieth out from the king's house" Neh 3:25; from this it is carried southward, along the western edge of the Kidron valley to the "great tower which lieth out" Neh 3:27, and then southwestward to the point at which it commenced near Siloam Neh 3:27. The special wall of the "city of David" being thus completed, the writer finishes his entire account by filling up the small interval between the northeast angle of this fortification and the "sheep-gate" Neh 3:28-32, from which he started.
They sanctified it - The priests commenced the work with a formal ceremony of consecration. When the work was completed, there was a solemn dedication of the entire circuit (see Neh. 12:27-43).
The tower of Hananeel is often mentioned; that of Meah, or rather Hammeah, or "the Hundred," in Nehemiah only. Both towers must have been situated toward the northeastern corner of the city.
The people of each provincial town were set to work for the most part on the portion of the wall nearest their city. Thus, "the men of Jericho," were employed at the northeast corner of Jerusalem.
The fish gate - The gate through which fish from the Jordan and the Sea of Galilee entered Jerusalem; a gate in the north wall, a little to the east of the modern Damascus gate.
Locks - The word used (here and in Neh 3:6, Neh 3:13-15) is thought to mean rather a "cross-bar" than a lock, while that translated "bars" is regarded as denoting the "hooks" or "catches" which held the cross-bar at its two ends.
Tekoites - See Sa2 14:2 note.
The old gate - Either the modern Damascus gate, the main entrance to the city on the north side; or a gate a little further eastward.
Unto the throne ... - The meaning is thought to be "the men of Gibeon and Mizpah, who, though they worked for Nehemiah, were not under his government, but belonged to the jurisdiction of the governor on this side the river."
The other piece - Rather, "another piece" (as in Neh 3:19, Neh 3:21, Neh 3:27, Neh 3:30). It is conjectured that a verse has fallen out in which Malchijah's and Hashub's "first piece" was mentioned.
The tower of the furnaces - Either a tower at the northwestern angle of the city; or, midway in the western wall. The origin of the name is uncertain.
Zanoah lay west of Jerusalem, at the distance of about 10 miles (Jos 15:34 note).
The "pool of Siloah" lies at the southwestern foot of the temple hill, near the lower end of the Tyropoeon. It appears to have been at all times beyond the line of the city wall, but was perhaps joined to the city by a fortification of its own.
The king's gardens - See Kg2 25:4 note.
The stairs - A flight of steps, still to be seen, led from the low valley of the Tyropoeon up the steep sides of Ophel to the "city of David," which it reached probably at a point not far south of the temple.
Beth-zur - Now Beit-sur, on the road from Jerusalem to Hebron Jos 15:58.
By "the sepulchres of David" must be understood the burial place in which David and the kings his descendants to the time of Hezekiah were interred. This was an excavation in the rock, in the near vicinity of the temple Eze 43:7-9, and on its western side. The position of the burial-place was well known until the destruction of the city by Titus; but modern research has not yet discovered it.
The pool - Probably that made by Hezekiah in the Tyropoeon valley, west of the temple area (marginal reference).
The constant mention of "priests," "Levites," and Nethinims," sufficiently indicates that the writer is here concerned with the sacerdotal quarter, that immediately about the temple.
Bavai - Or, "Binnui" Neh 3:24; Neh 10:9.
The armoury at the turning of the wall - literally, "the armoury of the corner." The northwestern corner of the special wall of the "city of David" seems to be intended. See Neh 3:1 note.
The other piece - Rather, "another piece." The notice of Baruch's first piece, like that of Malchijah's and Hashub's Neh 3:11, seems to have slipped out of the text.
The word here translated "plain" is applied in the rest of Scripture almost exclusively to the Ghor or Jordan valley. Compare, however, Neh 12:28.
The turning of the wall - The northeastern angle of the "city of David" seems here to be reached. At this point a tower "lay out" Neh 3:25, or projected extraordinarily, from the wall, being probably a watch-tower commanding the Kidron valley and all the approaches to the city from the southeast, the east, and the northeast.
The "king's high house" is almost certainly the old palace of David, which was on the temple hill, and probably occupied a position directly north of the temple.
That was by the court of the prison - Prisons were in old times adjuncts of palaces. The palace of David must have had its prison; and the "prison gate" Neh 12:39 was clearly in this quarter.
The marginal reading is better. On the Nethinims see Ch1 9:2 note.
Ophel was the slope south of the temple (see the marginal reference "y" note); and the water-gate, a gate in the eastern wall, either for the escape of the superfluous water from the temple reservoirs, or for the introduction of water from the Kidron valley when the reservoirs were low.
The foundations of an outlying tower near the southeast angle of the temple area in this position have been recently discovered.
"The horse gate" was on the east side of the city, overlooking the Kidron valley. It seems to have been a gate by which horses approached and left the old palace, that of David, which lay north of the temple Neh 3:25.
The gate Miphkad - Not elsewhere mentioned. It must have been in the east, or northeast, wall, a little to the south of the "sheep-gate"