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Magic Songs of the West Finns, Vol. I, by John Abercromby, [1898], at sacred-texts.com

p. xiii

THE VALUE OF ADDITIONAL LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET

c in East Finnish = ts.

č = Eng. ch in choose.

ḷ = tl.

ǰ = Eng. j in joke.

ṅ, ñ̇ = Eng. ng in bring.

š = Eng. sh in shall.

ž = French j in jour.

χ =kh or ch in Sc. loch.

Consonants with a dash over or beside them, e.g. b´, c´, d´, are soft and followed by a slight y sound.

ị is a thick guttural i, the Russian yerŭ.

y in Finnish words= ü.

i before another vowel in Russian words = y in yam, yield.