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p. 368

APPENDIX III

For typographical reasons the smooth guttural Ha, the palatals Sad, Dad, Ta, Za, and the long vowels are indicated by italic. The same system is followed in the index.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

 

A.H.

 

11

M.d.; Abu Bakr Kh.

13

‘Umar Kh.

14

Battle of al-Qadisiya; fall of Jerusalem; al-Basra founded; fall of Damascus.

17

Al-Kufa founded; Syria and Mesopotamia conquered.

20

Conquest of Egypt.

21

Battle of Nahawand; Persia conquered.

23

‘Uthman Kh.

30

Final redaction of the Qur’an.

35

‘Ali Kh.

36

Battle of Carmel.

40

‘Ali d.

41

Mu'awiya I. Kh.; Herat.

49

‘Al-Hasan d.

56

Samarqand.

60

Schism of Ibadites from Kharijites.

61

Karbala & d. of al-Husayn.

73

Storm of Mecca & d. of ‘Abd Allah b. Az-Zubayr.

74

Carthage.

80

Ma‘bad executed.

81

M. b. al-Hanafiya d.

93

Toledo.

99-101

‘Umar II. Kh.

110

Hasan al-Basri d.

114

Charles the Hammer at Tours (A. D. 732).

121

Zayd b. Zayn al-‘Abidin d.

124

Az-Zuhri d.

127-132

Marwan II. Kh.

130

Jahm b. Safwan killed?

131

Wasil b. ‘Ata d.

132

Fall of Umayyads; as-Saffah first ‘Abbasid Kh.

134

First Ibadite Imam.

135

Rabi‘a d.

136-158

Al-Mansur Kh.

138-422

Umayyads of Cordova.

140

Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ killed.

143

Halley's comet.

144

‘Amr b. ‘Ubayd d.?

145

Baghdad founded; ‘A’isha d. of Ja‘far as-Sadiq d.

147

Homage to al-Mahdi as successor in Kh.

148

Ja‘far as-Sadiq d.

150

Abu Hanifa d.; trace of Sufi monastery in Damascus.

157

Al-Awzai d.

158-169

Al-Mahdi Kh.; John of Damascus d.?

161

Sufyan ath-Thawri d.; Ibrahim b. Adham d.

165

Daud b. Nusayr d.

167

Bashshar b. Burd killed.

170-193

Harun ar-Rashid Kh.

172-375

Idrisids.

179

Malik b. Anas d. 68

 

p. 369

A.H.

 

182

The Qadi Abu Yusuf d.

187

Fall of Barmecides; al-Fudayl b. ‘Iyad d.

189

M. b. al-Hasan d.

198-218

Al-Ma’mun Kh.

200

Ma‘ruf of al-Karkh d.; trace of Sufi monastery in Khurasan.

204

Ash-Shafi‘i d.

208

Abu ‘Ubayda d.; the Lady Nafisa d.

211

Theodorus Abucara d.

212

Decree that the Qur’an is created.

213

Thumama b. Ashras d.

215

Abu Sulayman of Damascus d.; 2nd decree.

218-234

The Mihna; Al-Mu‘tasim Kh.

220

Ma‘mar b. ‘Abbad.

223

Fatima of Naysabur d.

226

Abu Hudhayl M. al-‘Allaf d.

227

Bishr al-Hafi d.; al-Wathiq Kh.

231

An-Nazzam d.

232

Al-Mutawakkil Kh.

234

Decree that Qur‘an is uncreated; Scotus Erigena transl. pseudo-Dionysius, A. D. 850.

240

Ibn Abi Duwad d.

241

Ahmad b. Hanbal d.

243

Al-Harith al-Muhasibi d.

245

Dhu-n-Nun d.; al-Karabisi d.

250-316

‘Alids of Zaydite branch in north Persia.

255

Al-Jahiz d.

256

Ibn Karram d.

257

Al-Bukhari d.; Sari as-Saqati d.

260

Al-Kindi d.? M. b. al-Hasan al-Mutazar vanished.

261

Muslim d.; Abu Yazid al-Bistami d.

270

Daud az-Zahiri d.

273

Ibn Maja d.

275

Abu Daud as-Sijistani d.

277

Qarmatians hold fortress in Arab ‘Iraq.

279

At-Tirmidhi d.

280

Zaydite Imams at as-Sa‘da and San‘a.

289

‘Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi in North Africa.

295-320

Al-Muqtadir ‘Abbasid Kh.

297

First Fatimid Kh.; al-Junayd d.

300

Return of al-Ash‘ari.

303

An-Nasai d.; Al-Jubbai d.

309

Al-Hallaj executed.

317

Umayyads of Cordova take title of Commander of the Faithful; Qarmatians in Mecca.

320-447

Buwayhids; al-Ash‘ari d.?

322

Ibn ash-Shalmaghani.

331

At-Tahawi d.

332

Al-Mataridi d.

333-356

Sayf ad-Dawla.

334

Buwayhids in Baghdad; ash-Shibli d.

339

Return of Black Stone by Qarmatians; al-Farabi d.

356

Fatimids conquer Egypt; Cairo founded.

360

Ikhwan as-Safa fl.

362

Ibn Hani d.

381-422

Al-Qadir Kh.

386

Abu Talib al-Makki d.

388-421

Mahmud of Ghazna.

403

Al-Baqilani d.

408

Persecution of Mu‘tazilites under al-Qadir.

 

p. 370

A.H.

 

411

Al-Hakim Fatimid Kh. vanished; Firdawsi d.

428

Ibn Sina d.

434

Abu Dharr d.

440

Al-Beruni d.

447

Tughril Beg, the Saljuq, in Baghdad.

449

Abu-l-‘Ala al-Ma'arri d.

450

Persecution of Ash‘arites.

455

Alp-Arslan; Nizam al-Mulk Wazir; end of persecution of Ash‘arites.

456

Ibn Hazm az-Zahiri d.

465

Al-Qushayri d.

478

Imam al-Haramayn d.

481

Nasir b. Khusraw d.

483

Hasan b. as-Sabbah seizes Alamut.

485

Nizam al-Mulk assass.

488

Al-Ghazzali leaves Baghdad.

505

Al-Ghazzali d.

515

‘Umar al-Khayyam d.

516

Al-Baghawi d.

524

Ibn Tumart al-Mahdi d.

524-558

‘Abd al-Mu'min.

524-667

The Muwahhids.

533

Abu Bakr b. Bajja d.

537

Abu Hafs an-Nassfi d.

538

Az-Zamakhshari d.

540

Yehuda Halevi d. = A.D. 1145.

546

Abu Bakr b. al-‘Arabi d.

548

Ash-Shahrastani d.

558

‘Abd al-Mu'min the Muwahhid d.

558

‘Adi al-Hakkari d.

558-580

Abu Ya‘qub the Muwahhid.

561

‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, founder of order of darwishes, d.

567

Conquest of Egypt by Saladin and end of Fatimids.

576

Order of Rifa‘ites founded.

580

Abu Ya‘qub d.

580-596

Abu Yusuf al-Mansur.

581

Ibn Tufayl d.

587

As-Suhrawardi executed.

589

Saladin d.

590

Abu Shuja‘ d.?

595

Ibn Rushd d.; Abu Yusuf al-Mansur the Muwahhid d.

601

Maimonides d. = A.D. 1204.

606

Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi d.

620

Abu-l-Hajjaj b. Tumlus d.; Fakhr ad-Din b. ‘Asakir d.; St. Francis of Assisi d. = A. D. 1226.

625-941

Hafsids at Tunis.

630-640

Ar-Rashid the Muwahhid.

632

‘Umar b. al-Farid.

638

Ibn ‘Arabi d.

648

Frederick II. d. = A.D. 1250.

654

End of Assassins by Mongols; Ash-Shadhili, founder of order of darwishes, d.

667

Ibn Sab‘in d.; end of Muwahhids.

672

Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi d.

675

Ahmad al-Badawi, founder of order of darwishes, d.

681

Ibn Khallikan d.

685

Al-Baydawi d.

693, 698-708, 709-741

Muhammad An-Nasir, Mamluk Sultan, reg.

719

An-Nasr al-Manbiji d.?

724

Ibn Rushd is still studied at Almeria.

728

Ibn Taymiya d.; Meister Eckhart d. = A.D. 1328.

730

'Abd ar-Razzaq d.

756

Al-‘Iji d; Heinrich Suso d.

791

At-Taftazani d.; an-Naqshbandi, founder of order of darwishes, d.

 

p. 371

A.H.

 

808

Ibn Khaldun d.

857

Capture of Constantinople by Ottomans and office of Shaykh al-Islam created = A.D. 1453. Thomas á Kempis d. = A. D. 1471.

895

M. b. Yusuf as-Sanusi d.

907

Accession of Safawids.

922

Conquest of Egypt by Ottoman Turks.

945

Death of al-Mutawakkil, last ‘Abbasid.

951

Beginning of Sharifs of Morocco.

973

Ash-Sha‘rani d.

1201

‘Abd al-Wahhab d. = A. D. 1787.

1205

Sayyid Murtada d.; al-Fudali fl. circ. 1220.

1252

Foundation of Brotherhood of as-Sanusi = A.D, 1837.

1260

Ibrahim al-Bajuri d.; Decree of Porte that apostate Muslims should not be put to death.

1275

Death of founder of Brotherhood of as-Sanusi = A.D. 1859.


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