Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge, by R.A. Torrey, [ca. 1880], at sacred-texts.com
4 Kings (2 Kings) Chapter 23
Overview
Kg2 23:1, Josiah causes the book to be read in a solemn assembly; Kg2 23:3, He renews the covenant of the Lord; Kg2 23:4, He destroys idolatry; Kg2 23:15, He burns dead men's bones upon the altar of Beth-el, as was fore-prophesied; Kg2 23:21, He keeps a most solemn passover; Kg2 23:24, He puts away witches and all abomination; Kg2 23:26, God's final wrath against Judah; Kg2 23:29, Josiah, provoking Pharaoh-nechoh, is slain at Megiddo; Kg2 23:31, Jehoahaz, succeeding him, is imprisoned by Pharaoh-nechoh, who makes Jehoiakim king; Kg2 23:36, Jehoiakim's wicked reign.
the king: Deu 31:28; Sa2 6:1; Ch2 29:20, Ch2 30:2, Ch2 34:29, Ch2 34:30-33
both small and great: Heb. from small even unto great, Gen 19:11; Sa1 5:9, Sa1 30:2; Ch2 15:13; Est 1:5; Job 3:19; Psa 115:13; Act 26:22; Rev 20:12
he read: Deu 31:10-13; Ch2 17:9; Neh 8:1-8, Neh 9:3, Neh 13:1
the book: Kg2 22:8; Deu 31:26; Kg1 8:9
stood: Kg2 11:14, Kg2 11:17; Ch2 23:13, Ch2 34:31, Ch2 34:32
made a covenant: Exo 24:7, Exo 24:8; Deu 5:1-3, Deu 29:1, Deu 29:10-15; Jos 24:25; Ch2 15:12-14, Ch2 23:16; Ch2 29:10; Ezr 10:3; Neh 9:38, Neh 10:28-39; Jer 50:5; Heb 8:8-13, Heb 12:24; Heb 13:20
to walk: Deu 8:19
his commandments: Deu 4:45, Deu 5:1, Deu 6:1; Psa 19:7-9
with all their heart: Deu 6:5, Deu 10:12, Deu 11:13; Mat 22:36, Mat 22:37
And all: Exo 24:3; Jos 24:24; Ch2 34:32, Ch2 34:33; Ecc 8:2; Jer 4:2
priestss of the second order: These were either such as occasionally supplied the high priests's office, or those of the second course or order established by David. See the references. 1Chr. 24:4-19; Mat 26:3, Mat 27:1
the keepers: Kg2 22:4; 1Chr. 26:1-19
to bring: Kg2 21:3, Kg2 21:7; Ch2 33:3, Ch2 33:7, Ch2 34:3, Ch2 34:4
Baal: Kg2 17:16; Jdg 2:13; Kg1 16:31, Kg1 18:19, Kg1 18:26, Kg1 18:40, Kg1 19:18; Isa 27:9; Jer 7:9
Kidron: Sa2 15:23; Joh 18:1, Cedron
Bethel: Kg1 12:29; Hos 4:15; Amo 4:4
put down: Heb. caused to cease
the idolatrous priests: Heb. Chemarim. Hos 10:5 *marg. "Foretold. Zep 1:4, Zep 1:5."
planets: or, twelve signs, or constellations, So the Vulgate duodecim signa, "the twelve signs," i.e., the zodiac; which is the most probable meaning of the word mazzaloth, from the Arabic manzeel, a caravanserai, house, or dwelling, as being the apparent dwellings of the sun in his annual course; and the Targumists and Rabbins often employ the words tereysar mazzalaya, to denote the signs of the zodiac.
all the host: Kg2 21:3, Kg2 21:4; Jer 8:1, Jer 8:2, Jer 44:17-19
the grove: Or rather, Asherah, or Astarte. Kg2 21:7; Jdg 3:7; Kg1 14:23, Kg1 16:33; Jer 17:2
and burned: Exo 32:20; Deu 7:25, Deu 9:21
the graves: Kg2 10:27; Ch2 34:4
the children: Probably the common people.
the sodomites: Gen 19:4, Gen 19:5; Kg1 14:24, Kg1 15:12, Kg1 22:46; Ch2 34:33; Rom 1:26, Rom 1:27
where: Exo 35:25, Exo 35:26; Eze 8:14, Eze 16:16; Hos 2:13
hangings: Heb. houses
from: etc. The northern and southern borders of Judah.
Geba: Jos 21:17; Kg1 15:22; Ch1 6:60; Isa 10:29; Zac 14:10
Beersheba: Gen 21:31, Gen 26:23; Jdg 20:1; Kg1 19:3
the priests: Eze 44:10-14; Mal 2:8, Mal 2:9
but they did: Sa1 2:36; Eze 44:29-31
Topheth: Isa 30:33; Jer 7:31, Jer 7:32, Jer 19:6, Jer 19:11-13, Tophet
the valley: Jos 15:8; Ch2 28:3, Ch2 33:6; Jer 19:2, Jer 32:35; Mat 5:22 *Gr.
might make: Kg2 16:3, Kg2 17:17, Kg2 21:6; Lev 18:21; Deu 18:10; Jer 32:35; Eze 16:21, Eze 20:26, Eze 20:31; Eze 23:37-39
the sun: Kg2 23:5; Ch2 14:5, Ch2 34:4; Eze 8:16
house of the Lord: Throughout the East, the horse because of his swiftness and utility, was dedicated to the sun; and the Greeks and Romans feigned that the chariot of the sun was drawn by four horses, Pyrous, Eous, Aithon, and Phlegon, and hence also chariots were dedicated to that luminary. Jarchi says, that those who adored the sun had horses, which they mounted every morning, to go out to meet him at his rising. The kings of Judah had imitated these idolatrous customs, and kept the horses of the sun even at the entrance of the temple of the Lord!
chamberlain: or, eunuch, or officer
on the top: Deu 22:8; Jer 19:13; Zep 1:5
which Manasseh: Kg2 21:5, Kg2 21:21, Kg2 21:22; Ch2 33:5, Ch2 33:15
brake them down from thence: or, ran from thence
cast: Kg2 23:6
the mount of corruption: that is, the mount of Olives, Houbigant, deriving the Hebrew mashchith from mashach, "to anoint," reads "the Mount of Olives." Jarchi, following the Chaldee, also says this was the Mount of Olives; for this is the mount hammishchah, of unction, but because of the idolatrous purposes for which it was used, the Scripture changed the appellation to the mount of hammashchith, corruption.
Ashtoreth: Jdg 2:13, Jdg 10:6; Sa1 7:4, Sa1 12:10; Kg1 11:5, Kg1 11:33
Chemosh: Num 21:29; Jdg 11:24; Jer 48:7, Jer 48:13, Jer 48:16
Milcom: Zep 1:5, Malcham
he brake: Exo 23:24; Num 33:52; Deu 7:5, Deu 7:25, Deu 7:26; Ch2 34:3, Ch2 34:4; Mic 1:7
images: Heb. statues
the bones of men: Kg2 23:16; Num 19:16, Num 19:18; Jer 8:1, Jer 8:2; Eze 39:12-16; Mat 23:27, Mat 23:28
the altar: Kg2 10:31; Kg1 12:28-33, Kg1 14:16, Kg1 15:30, Kg1 21:22
stamped: Kg2 23:6
burned: Kg1 13:1, Kg1 13:2, Kg1 13:32; Mat 24:35; Joh 10:35
who proclaimed: The Septuagint and Hexaplar Syriac at Paris insert, "when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast. And turning about, he cast his eyes on the sepulchre of the man of God" -
It is the sepulchre: Kg1 13:1, Kg1 13:30, Kg1 13:31
alone: Heb. to escape
the bones of the prophet: 1Kings 13:1-22, Kg1 13:31
the houses: Kg2 17:9; Kg1 12:31, Kg1 13:32
the cities: Ch2 30:6-11, Ch2 31:1, Ch2 34:6, Ch2 34:7
the kings: Kg2 8:18; Kg1 16:33; Mic 6:16
to provoke the Lord: Kg2 17:16-18, Kg2 21:6; Psa 78:58; Jer 7:18, Jer 7:19; Eze 8:17, Eze 8:18
he slew: or, he sacrificed, Kg2 10:25, Kg2 11:18; Exo 22:20; Deu 13:5; Kg1 13:2, Kg1 18:40; Isa 34:6; Zac 13:2, Zac 13:3
burned: Ch2 34:5
Keep: 2Chr. 35:1-19
as it is written: Exod. 12:3-20; Lev 23:5-8; Num 9:2-5, Num 28:16-25; Deu 16:1-8
of the kings: Ch2 30:1-3, Ch2 30:13-20, Ch2 35:3-17
Moreover: "His eighteenth year ending."
the workers: Kg2 21:3, Kg2 21:6; Sa1 28:3-7; Isa 8:19, Isa 19:3; Act 16:16-18; Rev 22:15
images: or, teraphim, Gen 31:19; Jdg 17:5, Jdg 18:17, Jdg 18:18; Hos 3:4
that he might: Lev 19:31, Lev 20:27; Deu 18:10-12; Isa 8:20; Rom 3:20; Jam 1:25
the book: Kg2 22:8-13; Ch2 34:14-19
am 3363-3394, bc 641-610
unto him: Kg2 18:5
that turned: Kg2 23:3; Deu 4:29, Deu 6:5; Kg1 2:4, Kg1 8:48, Kg1 15:5; Jer 29:13
according: Neh 10:29; Mal 4:4; Joh 1:17, Joh 7:19
Notwithstanding: Kg2 21:11-13, Kg2 22:16, Kg2 22:17, Kg2 24:2, Kg2 24:4; Ch2 36:16; Jer 3:7-10, Jer 15:1-4
provocations: Heb. angers
I will remove: Kg2 17:18, Kg2 17:20, Kg2 18:11, Kg2 21:13, Kg2 24:3, Kg2 25:11; Deu 29:27, Deu 29:28; Eze 23:32-35
out of my sight: Psa 51:11; Jer 31:37, Jer 33:24; Lam 2:7
My name: Kg2 21:4, Kg2 21:7; Kg1 8:29, Kg1 9:3
the rest: Kg2 20:20
am 3394, bc 610
Pharaohnechoh: Pharaoh-nechoh, called Νεκως, Necos, the son of Psammiticus, by Herodotus, was now was now marching "to make war upon the Medes and Babylonians, who had dissolved the Assyrian empire," the king of the latter being the famous Nabopollasar, who had also become king of Assyria. Kg2 23:33, Kg2 23:34, Kg2 23:35; Ch2 35:20-24; Jer 46:2
Euphrates: Kg2 24:7; Ch2 35:20; Jer 46:2
Josiah went: Ch2 35:20-23
slew him: Kg2 22:20; Ecc 8:14, Ecc 9:1, Ecc 9:2; Isa 57:1, Isa 57:2; Rom 11:33
Megiddo: Megiddo, called Μαγδολον, Magdolum, by Herodotus, was situated in the tribe of Manasseh, west of Jordan, in the valley of Jezreel, and not far fron Hadad-Rimmon, or Maximianopolis. This shews that Josiah reigned over the country formerly possessed by the ten tribes; and it is also probable, that Nechoh had landed his troops at or near Cesarea of Palestine. Kg2 9:27; Jos 17:11; Jdg 1:27, Jdg 5:19; Kg1 4:12; Zac 12:11, Megiddon, Rev 16:16, Armageddon
he had seen him: Kg2 14:8, Kg2 14:11
servants: Kg2 9:28; Kg1 22:33-38; Ch2 35:24
the people: Kg2 14:21, Kg2 21:24; Ch2 36:1, Ch2 36:2-4
Jehoahaz: Ch1 3:15; Jer 22:11, Shallum
Hamutal: Kg2 24:18
Kg2 21:2-7, Kg2 21:21, Kg2 21:22
put him: Ch2 36:3, Ch2 36:4; Eze 19:3, Eze 19:4
Riblah: Theodoret (in Jer. 46), expressly affirms that Riblah or Reblatha was in his time called Emesa. Κωμη δε εστιν η Ρεβλαθα της νυν καλουμενης Εμεσης. Emesa was a city of Syria, situated on the Orontes, and, according to the Antonine Itinerary, 18 miles from Laodicea ad Libanum. It is now called Homs, or Hems, about eight hours, or twenty-four miles se of Hamah or Hamath, in the road to Damascus. The present town only occupies about one quarter of the space contained within the ancient walls, which apparently date from the time of the Saracens. Here is nothing remarkable, except a Roman sepulchre, and a large castle in ruins. Kg2 25:6; Num 34:11; Jer 39:5, Jer 39:6, Jer 52:9, Jer 52:10, Jer 52:26, Jer 52:27
that he might not reign: or, because he reigned
put: etc. Heb. set a mulct upon the land. Kg2 18:14; Exo 21:22; Ch2 36:3; Pro 19:19
Eliakim: Jos 18:18; Ch2 36:3, Ch2 36:4
the son: Ch1 3:15
turned: Kg2 24:17; Gen 41:45; Dan 1:7
Jehoiakim: "Called Jakim, Mat 1:11."
he came: Jer 22:11, Jer 22:12; Eze 19:3, Eze 19:4
the silver: Kg2 23:33
am 3394-3405, bc 610-599
Jehoiakim: Ch1 3:15; Ch2 36:5; Jer 1:3
Rumah: Josephus here reads Abuma; but he also speaks of Ruma, a village of Galilee.
he did: Jer 22:13-17, Jer 26:20-23, Jer 36:23-26, Jer 36:31; Eze 19:5-9
all that: Ch2 28:22-25, Ch2 33:4-10, Ch2 33:22, Ch2 33:23