Hecuba
 By Euripides
 
 
 Translated by E. P. Coleridge
 
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 Dramatis Personae
 
 THE GHOST OF POLYDORUS, son of HECUBA and Priam, King of
 Troy
 HECUBA, wife of Priam
 CHORUS OF CAPTIVE TROJAN WOMEN
 POLYXENA, daughter of HECUBA and Priam
 ODYSSEUS
 TALTHYBIUS, herald of AGAMEMNON
 MAID OF HECUBA
 AGAMEMNON
 POLYMESTOR, King of the Thracian Chersonese
 
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 Before AGAMEMNON'S tent in the Greek camp upon the shore of the Thracian
 Chersonese. The GHOST OF POLYDORUS appears.
 
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 GHOST Lo! I am come from out the charnel-house and gates of gloom,
 where Hades dwells apart from gods, I Polydorus, a son of Hecuba the
 daughter of Cisseus and of Priam. Now my father, when Phrygia's capital
 was threatened with destruction by the spear of Hellas, took alarm
 and conveyed me secretly from the land of Troy unto Polymestor's house,
 his friend in Thrace, who sows these fruitful plains of Chersonese,
 curbing by his might a nation delighting in horses. And with me my
 father sent great store of gold by stealth, that, if ever Ilium's
 walls should fall, his children that survived might not want for means
 to live. I was the youngest of Priam's sons; and this it was that
 caused my stealthy removal from the land; for my childish arm availed
 not to carry weapons or to wield the spear. So long then as the bulwarks
 of our land stood firm, and Troy's battlements abode unshaken, and
 my brother Hector prospered in his warring, I, poor child, grew up
 and flourished, like some vigorous shoot, at the court of the Thracian,
 my father's friend. But when Troy fell and Hector lost his life and
 my father's hearth was rooted up, and himself fell butchered at the
 god-built altar by the hands of Achilles' murderous son; then did
 my father's friend slay me his helpless guest for the sake of the
 gold, and thereafter cast me into the swell of the sea, to keep the
 gold for himself in his house. And there I lie one time upon the strand,
 another in the salt sea's surge, drifting ever up and down upon the
 billows, unwept, unburied; but now am I hovering o'er the head of
 my dear mother Hecuba, a disembodied spirit, keeping my airy station
 these three days, ever since my poor mother came from Troy to linger
 here in Chersonese. Meantime all the Achaeans sit idly here in their
 ships at the shores of Thrace; for the son of Peleus, even Achilles,
 appeared above his tomb and stayed the whole host of Hellas, as they
 were making straight for home across the sea, demanding to have my
 sister Polyxena offered at his tomb, and to receive his guerdon. And
 he will obtain this prize, nor will they that are his friends refuse
 the gift; and on this very day is fate leading my sister to her doom.
 So will my mother see two children dead at once, me and that ill-fated
 maid. For I, to win a grave, ah me! will appear amid the rippling
 waves before her bond-maid's feet. Yes! I have won this boon from
 the powers below, that I should find tomb and fall into my mother's
 hands; so shall I get my heart's desire; wherefore I will go and waylay
 aged Hecuba, for yonder she passeth on her way from the shelter of
 Agamemnon's tent, terrified at my spectre. Woe is thee! ah, mother
 mine! from a palace dragged to face a life of slavery! how sad thy
 lot, as sad as once 'twas blest! Some god is now destroying thee,
 setting this in the balance to outweigh thy former bliss.  (The GHOST
 vanishes. HECUBA enters from the tent of AGAMEMNON, supported by her
 attendants, captive Trojan women.)  
 
 HECUBA  (chanting) Guide these aged steps, my servants, forth before
 the house; support your fellow-slave, your queen of yore, ye maids
 of Troy. Take hold upon my aged hand, support me, guide me, lift me
 up; and I will lean upon your bended arm as on a staff and quicken
 my halting footsteps onwards. O dazzling light of Zeus! O gloom of
 night! why am I thus scared by fearful visions of the night? O earth,
 dread queen, mother of dreams that flit on sable wings! I am seeking
 to avert the vision of the night, the sight of horror which I saw
 so clearly in my dreams touching my son, who is safe in Thrace, and
 Polyxena my daughter dear. Ye gods of this land! preserve my son,
 the last and only anchor of my house, now settled in Thrace, the land
 of snow, safe in the keeping of his father's friend. Some fresh disaster
 is in store, a new strain of sorrow will be added to our woe. Such
 ceaseless thrills of terror never wrung my heart before. Oh! where,
 ye Trojan maidens, can I find inspired Helenus or Cassandra, that
 they may read me my dream? For I saw a dappled hind mangled by a wolf's
 bloody fangs, torn from my knees by force in piteous wise. And this
 too filled me with affright; o'er the summit of his tomb appeared
 Achilles' phantom, and for his guerdon he would have one of the luckless
 maids of Troy. Wherefore, I implore you, powers divine, avert this
 horror from my daughter, from my child.  (The CHORUS OF CAPTIVE TROJAN
 WOMEN enters.)  
 
 CHORUS  (singing) Hecuba, I have hastened away to thee, leaving my
 master's tent, where the lot assigned me as his appointed slave, in
 the day that was driven from the city of Ilium, hunted by Achaeans
 thence at the point of the spear; no alleviation bring I for thy sufferings;
 nay have laden myself with heavy news, and am a herald of sorrow to
 thee, lady. 'Tis said the Achaeans have determined in full assembly
 to offer thy daughter in sacrifice to Achilles; for thou knowest how
 one day he appeared standing on his tomb in golden harness, and stayed
 the sea-borne barques, though they had their sails already hoisted,
 with this pealing cry, "Whither away so fast, ye Danai, leaving my
 tomb without its prize?" Thereon arose a violent dispute with stormy
 altercation, and opinion was divided in the warrior host of Hellas,
 some being in favour of offering the sacrifice at the tomb, others
 dissenting. There was Agamemnon, all eagerness in thy interest, because
 of his love for the frenzied prophetess; but the two sons of Theseus,
 scions of Athens, though supporting different proposals, yet agreed
 on the same decision, which was to crown Achilles' tomb with fresh-spilt
 blood; for they said they never would set Cassandra's love before
 Achilles' valour. Now the zeal of the rival disputants was almost
 equal, until that shifty, smooth-mouthed varlet, the son of Laertes,
 whose tongue is ever at the service of the mob, persuaded the army
 not to put aside the best of all the Danai for want of a bond-maid's
 sacrifice, nor have it said by any of the dead that stand beside Persephone,
 "The Danai have left the plains of Troy without one thought of gratitude
 for their brethren who died for Hellas." Odysseus will be here in
 an instant, to drag the tender maiden from thy breast and tear her
 from thy aged arms. To the temples, to the altars with thee! at Agamemnon's
 knees throw thyself as a suppliant! Invoke alike the gods in heaven
 and those beneath the earth. For either shall thy prayers avail to
 spare thee the loss of thy unhappy child, or thou must live to see
 thy daughter fall before the tomb, her crimson blood spurting in deep
 dark jets from her neck with gold encircled.  (THE following lines
 between HECUBA and POLYXENA are chanted responsively.)  
 
 HECUBA Woe, woe is me! What words, or cries, or lamentations can
 I utter? Ah me! for the sorrows of my closing years! for slavery too
 cruel to brook or bear! Woe, woe is me! What champion have I? Sons,
 and city-where are they? Aged Priam is no more; no more my children
 now. Which way am I to go, or this or that? Whither shall I turn my
 steps? Where is any god or power divine to succour me? Ah, Trojan
 maids! bringers of evil tidings! messengers of woe! ye have made an
 end, an utter end of me; life on earth has no more charm for me. Ah!
 luckless steps, lead on, guide your aged mistress to yon tent.  (calling)
 My child, come forth; come forth, thou daughter of the queen of sorrows;
 listen to thy mother's voice, my child, that thou mayst know the hideous
 rumour I now hear about thy life.  (POLYXENA enters from the tent.)
 
 POLYXENA O mother, mother mine! why dost thou call so loud? what
 news is it thou hast proclaimed, scaring me, like a cowering bird,
 from my chamber by this alarm? 
 
 HECUBA Alas, my daughter! 
 
 POLYXENA Why this ominous address? it bodeth sorrow for me.
 
 HECUBA Woe for thy life! 
 
 POLYXENA Tell all, hide it no longer. Ah mother! how I dread, ay
 dread the import of thy loud laments. 
 
 HECUBA Ah my daughter! a luckless mother's child! 
 
 POLYXENA Why dost thou tell me this? 
 
 HECUBA The Argives with one consent are eager for thy sacrifice to
 the son of Peleus at his tomb. 
 
 POLYXENA Ah! mother mine! how canst thou speak of such a horror?
 Yet tell me all, yes all, O mother dear! 
 
 HECUBA 'Tis a rumour ill-boding I tell, my child; they bring me word
 that sentence is passed upon thy life by the Argives' vote.
 
 POLYXENA Alas, for thy cruel sufferings! my persecuted mother! woe
 for thy life of grief! What grievous outrage some fiend hath sent
 on thee, hateful, horrible! No more shall I thy daughter share thy
 bondage, hapless youth on hapless age attending. For thou, alas! wilt
 see thy hapless child torn from thy arms, as a calf of the hills is
 torn from its mother, and sent beneath the darkness of the earth with
 severed throat for Hades, where with the dead shall I be laid, ah
 me! For thee I weep with plaintive wail, mother doomed to a life of
 sorrow! for my own life, its ruin and its outrage, never a tear I
 shed; nay, death is become to me a happier lot than life.
 
 LEADER OF THE CHORUS See where Odysseus comes in haste, to announce
 some fresh command to thee, Hecuba.  (ODYSSEUS enters, with his attendants.)
 
 ODYSSEUS Lady, methinks thou knowest already the intention of the
 host, and the vote that has been passed; still will I declare it.
 It is the Achaeans' will to sacrifice thy daughter Polyxena at the
 mound heaped o'er Achilles' grave; and they appoint me to take the
 maid and bring her thither, while the son of Achilles is chosen to
 preside o'er the sacrifice and act as priest. Dost know then what
 to do? Be not forcibly torn from her, nor match thy might 'gainst
 mine; recognize the limits of thy strength, and the presence of thy
 troubles. Even in adversity 'tis wise to yield to reason's dictates.
 
 HECUBA Ah me! an awful trial is nigh, it seems, fraught with mourning,
 rich in tears. Yes, I too escaped death where death had been my due,
 and Zeus destroyed me not but is still preserving my life, that I
 may witness in my misery fresh sorrows surpassing all before. Still
 if the bond may ask the free of things that grieve them not nor wrench
 their heart-strings, 'tis well that thou shouldst make an end and
 hearken to my questioning. 
 
 ODYSSEUS Granted; put thy questions; that short delay I grudge thee
 not. 
 
 HECUBA Dost remember the day thou camest to spy on Ilium, disguised
 in rags and tatters, while down thy cheek ran drops of blood?
 
 ODYSSEUS Remember it! yes; 'twas no slight impression it made upon
 my heart. 
 
 HECUBA Did Helen recognize thee and tell me only? 
 
 ODYSSEUS I well remember the awful risk I ran. 
 
 HECUBA Didst thou embrace my knees in all humility? 
 
 ODYSSEUS Yea, so that my hand grew dead and cold upon thy robe.
 
 HECUBA What saidst thou then, when in my power? 
 
 ODYSSEUS Doubtless I found plenty to say, to save my life.
 
 HECUBA Was it I that saved and sent thee forth again? 
 
 ODYSSEUS Thou didst, and so I still behold the light of day.
 
 HECUBA Art not thou then playing a sorry part to plot against me
 thus, after the kind treatment thou didst by thy own confession receive
 from me, showing me no gratitude but all the ill thou canst? A thankless
 race! all ye who covet honour from the mob for your oratory. Oh that
 ye were unknown to me ye who harm your friends and think no more of
 it, if ye can but say a word to win the mob. But tell me, what kind
 of cleverness did they think it, when against this child they passed
 their bloody vote? Was it duty led them to slay a human victim at
 the tomb, where sacrifice of oxen more befits? or does Achilles, if
 claiming the lives of those who slew him as his recompense, show his
 justice by marking her out for death? No! she at least ne'er injured
 him. He should have demanded Helen as a victim at his tomb, for she
 it was that proved his ruin, bringing him to Troy; or if some captive
 of surpassing beauty was to be singled out for doom, this pointed
 not to us; for the daughter of Tyndareus was fairer than all womankind,
 and her injury to him was proved no les than ours. Against the justice
 of his plea I pit this argument. Now hear the recompense due from
 thee to me at my request. On thy own confession, thou didst fall at
 my feet and embrace my hand and aged cheek; I in my turn now do the
 same to thee, and claim the favour then bestowed; and I implore thee,
 tear not my child from my arms, nor slay her. There be dead enough;
 she is my only joy, in her I forget my sorrows; My one comfort she
 in place of many a loss, my city and my nurse, my staff and journey's
 guide. 'Tis never right that those in power should use it out of season,
 or when prosperous suppose they will be always so. For I like them
 was prosperous once, but now my life is lived, and one day robbed
 me of all my bliss. Friend, by thy beard, have some regard and pity
 for me; go to Achaea's host, and talk them over, saying how hateful
 a thing it is to slay women whom at first ye spared out of pity, after
 dragging them from the altars. For amongst you the self-same law holds
 good for bond and free alike respecting bloodshed; such influence
 as thine will persuade them even though thy words are weak; for the
 same argument, when proceeding from those of no account, has not the
 same force as when it is uttered by men of mark. 
 
 LEADER Human nature is not so stony-hearted as to hear thy plaintive
 tale and catalogue of sorrows, without shedding a tear. 
 
 ODYSSEUS O Hecuba! be schooled by me, nor in thy passion count him
 a foe who speaketh wisely. Thy life I am prepared to save, for the
 service I received; I say no otherwise. But what I said to all, I
 will not now deny, that after Troy's capture I would give thy daughter
 to the chiefest of our host because he asked a victim. For herein
 is a source of weakness to most states, whene'er a man of brave and
 generous soul receives no greater honour than his inferiors. Now Achilles,
 lady, deserves honour at our hands, since for Hellas he died as nobly
 as a mortal can. Is not this a foul reproach to treat a man as a friend
 in life, but, when he is gone from us, to treat him so no more? How
 now? what will they say, if once more there comes gathering of the
 host and a contest with the foe? "Shall we fight or nurse our lives,
 seeing the dead have no honours?" For myself, indeed, though in life
 my daily store were scant, yet would it be all-sufficient, but as
 touching a tomb I should wish mine to be an object of respect, for
 this gratitude has long to run. Thou speakest of cruel sufferings;
 hear my answer. Amongst us are aged dames and grey old men no less
 miserable than thou, and brides of gallant husbands reft, o'er whom
 this Trojan dust has closed. Endure these sorrows; for us, if we are
 wrong in resolving to honour the brave, we shall bring upon ourselves
 a charge of ignorance; but as for you barbarians, regard not your
 friends as such and pay no homage to your gallant dead, that Hellas
 may prosper and ye may reap the fruits of such policy. 
 
 LEADER Alas! how cursed is slavery alway in its nature, forced by
 the might of the stronger to endure unseemly treatment. 
 
 HECUBA Daughter, my pleading to avert thy bloody death was wasted
 idly on the air; do thou, if in aught endowed with greater power to
 move than thy mother, make haste to use it, uttering every pleading
 note like the tuneful nightingale, to save thy soul from death. Throw
 thyself at Odysseus' knees to move his pity, and try to move him.
 Here is thy plea: he to hath children, so that he can feel for thy
 sad fate. 
 
 POLYXENA Odysseus, I see thee hiding thy right hand beneath thy robe
 and turning away thy face, that I may not touch thy beard. Take heart;
 thou art safe from the suppliant's god in my case, for I will follow
 thee, alike because I must and because it is my wish to die; for were
 I loth, a coward should I show myself, a woman faint of heart. Why
 should I prolong my days? I whose sire was king of all the Phrygians?-my
 chiefest pride in life, Then was I nursed on fair fond hopes to be
 a bride for kings, the centre of keen jealousy amongst suitors, to
 see whose home I would make my own; and o'er each dame of Ida I was
 queen; ah me! a maiden marked amid her fellows, equal to a goddess,
 save for death alone, but now slave! That name first makes me long
 for death, so strange it sounds; and then maybe my lot might give
 me to some savage master, one that would buy me for money,-me the
 sister of Hector and many another chief,-who would make me knead him
 bread within his halls, or sweep his house or set me working at the
 loom, leading a life of misery; while some slave, bought I know not
 whence, will taint my maiden charms, once deemed worthy of royalty.
 No, never! Here I close my eyes upon the light, free as yet, and dedicate
 myself to Hades. Lead me hence, Odysseus, and do thy worst, for I
 see naught within my reach to make me hope or expect with any confidence
 that I am ever again to be happy. Mother mine! seek not to hinder
 me by word or deed, but join in my wish for death ere I meet with
 shameful treatment undeserved. For whoso is not used to taste of sorrow's
 cup, though he bears it, yet it galls him when he puts his neck within
 the yoke; far happier would he be dead than alive, for life of honour
 reft is toil and trouble. 
 
 LEADER A wondrous mark, most clearly stamped, doth noble birth imprint
 on men, and the name goeth still further where it is deserved.
 
 HECUBA A noble speech, my daughter! but there is sorrow linked with
 its noble sentiments. 
 
 Odysseus, if ye must pleasure the son of Peleus, and avoid reproach,
 slay not this maid, but lead me to Achilles' pyre and torture me unsparingly:
 'twas I that bore Paris, whose fatal shaft laid low the son of Thetis.
 
 ODYSSEUS 'Tis not thy death, old dame, Achilles' wraith hath demanded
 of the Achaeans, but hers. 
 
 HECUBA At least then slaughter me with my child; so shall there be
 a double draught of blood for the earth and the dead that claims this
 sacrifice. 
 
 ODYSSEUS The maiden's death suffices; no need to add a second to
 the first; would we needed not e'en this! 
 
 HECUBA Die with my daughter I must and will. 
 
 ODYSSEUS How so? I did not know I had a master. 
 
 HECUBA I will cling to her like ivy to an oak. 
 
 ODYSSEUS Not if thou wilt hearken to those who are wiser than thyself.
 
 HECUBA Be sure I will never willingly relinquish my child.
 
 ODYSSEUS Well, be equally sure I will never go away and leave her
 here. 
 
 POLYXENA Mother, hearken to me; and thou, son of Laertes, make allowance
 for a parent's natural wrath. My poor mother, fight not with our masters.
 Wilt thou be thrown down, be roughly thrust aside and wound thy aged
 skin, and in unseemly wise be torn from me by youthful arms? This
 wilt thou suffer; do not so, for 'tis not right for thee. Nay, dear
 mother mine give me thy hand beloved, and let me press thy cheek to
 mine; for never, nevermore, but now for the last time shall I behold
 the dazzling sun-god's orb. My last farewells now take! O mother,
 mother mine! beneath the earth I pass. 
 
 HECUBA O my daughter, I am still to live and be a slave.
 
 POLYXENA Unwedded I depart, never having tasted the married joys
 that were my due! 
 
 HECUBA Thine, my daughter, is a piteous lot, and sad is mine also.
 
 POLYXENA There in Hades' courts shall I be laid apart from thee.
 
 HECUBA Ah me, what shall I do? where shall I end my life?
 
 POLYXENA Daughter of a free-born sire, a slave I am to die.
 
 HECUBA Not one of all my fifty children left! 
 
 POLYXENA What message can I take for thee to Hector or thy aged lord?
 
 HECUBA Tell them that of all women I am the most miserable.
 
 POLYXENA Ah! bosom and breasts that fed me with sweet food!
 
 HECUBA Woe is thee, my child, for this untimely fate! 
 
 POLYXENA Farewell, my mother! farewell, Cassandra! 
 
 HECUBA "Fare well!" others do, but not thy mother, no! 
 
 POLYXENA Thou too, my brother Polydorus, who art in Thrace, the home
 of steeds! 
 
 HECUBA Aye, if he lives, which much I doubt; so luckless am I every
 way. 
 
 POLYXENA Oh yes, he lives; and, when thou diest, he will close thine
 eyes. 
 
 HECUBA I am dead; sorrow has forestalled death here. 
 
 POLYXENA Come veil my head, Odysseus, and take me hence; for now,
 ere falls the fatal blow, my heart is melted by my mother's wailing,
 and hers no less by mine. O light of day! for still may I call thee
 by thy name, though now my share in thee is but the time I take to
 go 'twixt this and the sword at Achilles' tomb.  (ODYSSEUS and his
 attendants lead POLYXENA away.)  
 
 HECUBA Woe is me! I faint; my limbs sink under me. O my daughter,
 embrace thy mother, stretch out thy hand, give it me again; leave
 me not childless! Ah, friends! 'tis my death-blow. Oh! to see that
 Spartan woman, Helen, sister of the sons of Zeus, in such a plight;
 for her bright eyes have caused the shameful fall of Troy's once prosperous
 town.  (HECUBA sinks fainting to the ground.)  
 
 CHORUS  (singing, strophe 1)
 
 O breeze from out the deep arising, that waftest swift galleys, ocean's
 coursers, across the surging main! whither wilt thou bear me the child
 of sorrow? To whose house shall I be brought, to be his slave and
 chattel? to some haven in the Dorian land, or in Phthia, where men
 say Apidanus, father of fairest streams, makes fat and rich the tilth?
 
 (antistrophe 1)
 
 or to an island home, sent on a voyage of misery by oars that sweep
 the brine, leading a wretched existence in halls where the first-created
 palm and the bay-tree put forth their sacred shoots for dear Latona,
 memorial fair of her divine travail? and there with the maids of Delos
 shall I hymn the golden snood and bow of Artemis their goddess?
 
 (strophe 2)
 
 Or in the city of Pallas, the home of Athena of the beauteous chariot,
 shall I upon her saffron robe yoke horses to the car, embroidering
 them on my web in brilliant varied shades, or the race of Titans,
 whom Zeus the son of Cronos lays to their unending sleep with bolt
 of flashing flame? 
 
 (antistrophe 2)
 
 Woe is me for my children! woe for my ancestors, and my country which
 is falling in smouldering ruin 'mid the smoke, sacked by the Argive
 spear! while I upon a foreign shore am called a slave for-sooth, leaving
 Asia, Europe's handmaid, and receiving in its place deadly marriage-bower.
 (The herald, TALTHYBIUS, enters.)  
 
 TALTHYBIUS Where can I find Hecuba, who once was queen of Ilium,
 ye Trojan maidens? 
 
 LEADER OF THE CHORUS There she lies near thee, Talthybius, stretched
 full length upon the ground, wrapt in her robe. 
 
 TALTHYBIUS Great Zeus! what can I say? that thine eye is over man?
 or that we hold this false opinion all to no purpose, thinking there
 is any race of gods, when it is chance that rules the mortal sphere?
 Was not this the queen of wealthy Phrygia, the wife of Priam highly
 blest? And now her city is utterly o'erthrown by the foe, and she,
 a slave in her old age, her children dead, lies stretched upon the
 ground, soiling her hair, poor lady in the dust. Well, well; old as
 I am, may death be my lot before I am caught in any foul mischance.
 Arise, poor queen! lift up thyself and raise that hoary head.
 
 HECUBA  (stirring) Ah! who art thou that wilt not let my body rest?
 why disturb me in my anguish, whosoe'er thou art? 
 
 TALTHYBIUS 'Tis I, Talthybius, who am here, the minister of the Danai;
 Agamemnon has sent me for thee, lady. 
 
 HECUBA  (rising) Good friend, art come because the Achaeans are resolved
 to slay me to at the grave? How welcome would thy tidings be! Let
 us hasten and lose no time; prithee, lead the way, old sir.
 
 TALTHYBIUS I am come to fetch thee to bury thy daughter's corpse,
 lady; and those that send me are the two sons of Atreus and the Achaean
 host. 
 
 HECUBA Ah! what wilt thou say? Art thou not come, as I had thought,
 to fetch me to my doom, but to announce ill news? Lost, lost, my child!
 snatched from thy mother's arms! and I am childless now, at least
 as touches thee; ah, woe is me! 
 
 How did ye end her life? was any mercy shown? or did ye deal ruthlessly
 with her as though your victim were a foe, old man? Speak, though
 thy words must be pain to me. 
 
 TALTHYBIUS Lady, thou art bent on making mine a double meed of tears
 in pity for thy child; for now too as I tell the sad tale a tear will
 wet my eye, as it did at the tomb when she was dying. 
 
 All Achaea's host was gathered there in full array before the tomb
 to see thy daughter offered; and the son of Achilles took Polyxena
 by the hand and set her on the top of the mound, while I stood near;
 and a chosen band of young Achaeans followed to hold thy child and
 prevent her struggling. Then did Achilles' son take in his hands a
 brimming cup of gold and poured an offering to his dead sire, making
 a sign to me to proclaim silence throughout the Achaean host. So I
 stood at his side and in their midst proclaimed, "Silence, ye Achaeans!
 hushed be the people all! peace! be still! "Therewith I hushed the
 host. Then spake he, "Son of Peleus, father mine, accept the offering
 I pour thee to appease thy spirit, strong to raise the dead; and come
 to drink the black blood of a virgin pure, which I and the host are
 offering thee; oh! be propitious to us; grant that we may loose our
 prows and the cables of our ships, and, meeting with prosperous voyage
 from Ilium, all to our country come." So he; and all the army echoed
 his prayer. Then seizing his golden sword by the hilt he drew it from
 its scabbard, signing the while to the picked young Argive warriors
 to hold the maid. But she, when she was ware thereof, uttered her
 voice and said: "O Argives, who have sacked my city! of my free will
 I die; let none lay hand on me; for bravely will I yield my neck.
 Leave me free, I do beseech; so slay me, that death may find me free;
 for to be called a slave amongst the dead fills my royal heart with
 shame." Thereat the people shouted their applause, and king Agamemnon
 bade the young men loose the maid. So they set her free, as soon as
 they heard this last command from him whose might was over all. And
 she, hearing her captors' words took her robe and tore it open from
 the shoulder to the waist, displaying a breast and bosom fair as a
 statue's; then sinking on her knee, one word she spake more piteous
 than all the rest, "Young prince, if 'tis my breast thou'dst strike,
 lo! here it is, strike home! or if at my neck thy sword thou'lt aim,
 behold! that neck is bared." 
 
 Then he, half glad, half sorry in his pity for the maid, cleft with
 the steel the channels of her breath, and streams of blood gushed
 forth; but she, e'en in death's agony, took good heed to fall with
 maiden grace, hiding from gaze of man what modest maiden must. Soon
 as she had breathed her last through the fatal gash, each Argive set
 his hand to different tasks, some strewing leaves o'er the corpse
 in handfuls, others bringing pine-logs and heaping up a pyre; and
 he, who brought nothing, would hear from him who did such taunts as
 these, "Stand'st thou still, ignoble wretch, with never a robe or
 ornament to bring for the maiden? Wilt thou give naught to her that
 showed such peerless bravery and spirit?" 
 
 Such is the tale I tell about thy daughter's death, and I regard thee
 as blest beyond all mothers in thy noble child, yet crossed in fortune
 more than all. 
 
 LEADER Upon the race of Priam and my city some fearful curse hath
 burst; 'tis sent by God, and we must bear it. 
 
 HECUBA O my daughter! 'mid this crowd of sorrows I know not where
 to turn my gaze; for if I set myself to one, another will not give
 me pause; while from this again a fresh grief summons me, finding
 a successor to sorrow's throne. No longer now can I efface from my
 mind the memory of thy sufferings sufficiently to stay my tears; yet
 hath the story of thy noble death taken from the keenness of my grief.
 Is it not then strange that poor land, when blessed by heaven with
 a lucky year, yields a good crop, while that which is good, if robbed
 of needful care, bears but little increase; yet 'mongst men the knave
 is never other than a knave, the good man aught but good, never changing
 for the worse because of misfortune, but ever the same? Is then the
 difference due to birth or bringing up? Good training doubtless gives
 lessons in good conduct, and if a man have mastered this, he knows
 what is base by the standard of good. Random shafts of my soul's shooting
 these, I know.  (To TALTHYBIUS)  Go thou and proclaim to the Argives
 that they touch not my daughter's body but keep the crowd away. For
 when countless host is gathered, the mob knows no restraint, and the
 unruliness of sailors exceeds that of fire, all abstinence from evil
 being counted evil.  (TALTHYBIUS goes out., Addressing a servant)
 My aged handmaid, take a pitcher and dip it in the salt sea and bring
 hither thereof, that I for the last time may wash my child, a virgin
 wife, a widowed maid, and lay her out,-as she deserves, ah! whence
 can I? impossible! but as best I can; and what will that be? I will
 collect adornment from the captives, my companions in these tents,
 if haply any of them escaping her master's eye have some secret store
 from her old home.  (The MAID departs.)  O towering halls, O home
 so happy once, O Priam, rich in store of fairest wealth, most blest
 of sires, and I no less, the grey-haired mother of thy race, how are
 we brought to naught, stripped of our former pride! And spite of all
 we vaunt ourselves, one on the riches of his house, another be, cause
 he has an honoured name amongst his fellow-citizens! But these things
 are naught; in vain are all our thoughtful schemes, in vain our vaunting
 words. He is happiest who meets no sorrow in his daily walk.  (HECUBA
 enters the tent.)  
 
 CHORUS  (singing, strophe)
 
 Woe and tribulation were made my lot in life, soon as ever Paris
 felled his beams of pine in Ida's woods, to sail across the heaving
 main in quest of Helen's hand, fairest bride on whom the sun-god turns
 his golden eye. 
 
 (antistrophe)
 
 For here beginneth trouble's cycle, and, worse than that, relentless
 fate; and from one man's folly came a universal curse, bringing death
 to the land of Simois, with trouble from an alien shore. The strife
 the shepherd decided on Ida 'twixt three daughters of the blessed
 gods, 
 
 (epode)
 
 brought as its result war and bloodshed and the ruin of my home;
 and many a Spartan maiden too is weeping bitter tears in her halls
 on the banks of fair Eurotas, and many a mother whose sons are slain,
 is smiting her hoary head and tearing her cheeks, making her nails
 red in the furrowed gash. 
 
 MAID (entering excitedly, attended by bearers bringing in a covered
 corpse) Oh! where, ladies, is Hecuba, our queen of sorrow, who far
 surpasses all in tribulation, men and women both alike? None shall
 wrest the crown from her. 
 
 LEADER OF THE CHORUS What now, thou wretched bird of boding note?
 Thy evil tidings never seem to rest. 
 
 MAID 'Tis to Hecuba I bring my bitter news; no easy task is it for
 mortal lips to speak smooth words in sorrow's hour. 
 
 LEADER Lo! she is coming even now from the shelter of the tent appearing
 just in time to hear thee speak.  (HECUBA comes out of the tent.)
 
 MAID Alas for thee! most hapless queen, ruined beyond all words of
 mine to tell; robbed of the light of life; of children, husband, city
 reft; hopelessly undone! 
 
 HECUBA This is no news but insult; I have heard it all before. But
 why art thou come, bringing hither to me the corpse of Polyxena, on
 whose burial Achaea's host was reported to be busily engaged?
 
 MAID  (aside) She little knows what I have to tell, but mourns Polyxena,
 not grasping her new sorrows. 
 
 HECUBA Ah! woe is me! thou art not surely bringing hither mad Cassandra,
 the prophetic maid? 
 
 MAID She lives, of whom thou speakest; but the dead thou dost not
 weep is here.  (Uncovering the corpse)  Mark well the body now laid
 bare; is not this a sight to fill thee with wonder, and upset thy
 hopes? 
 
 HECUBA Ah me! 'tis the corpse of my son Polydorus I behold, whom
 he of Thrace was keeping safe for me in his halls. Alas! this is the
 end of all; my life is o'er.  (Chanting)  O my son, my son, alas for
 thee! a frantic strain I now begin; thy fate I learnt, a moment gone,
 from some foul fiend. 
 
 MAID What! so thou knewest thy son's fate, poor lady. 
 
 HECUBA  (chanting) I cannot, cannot credit this fresh sight I see.
 Woe succeeds to woe; time will never cease henceforth to bring me
 groans and tears. 
 
 LEADER Alas poor lady, our sufferings are cruel indeed.
 
 HECUBA  (chanting) O my son, child of a luckless mother, what was
 the manner of thy death? what lays thee dead at my feet? Who did the
 deed? 
 
 MAID I know not. On the sea-shore I found him. 
 
 HECUBA  (chanting) Cast up on the smooth sand, or thrown there after
 the murderous blow? 
 
 MAID The waves had washed him ashore. 
 
 HECUBA  (chanting) Alas! alas! I read aright the vision I saw in
 my sleep, nor did the phantom dusky-winged escape my ken, even the
 vision I saw concerning my son, who is now no more within the bright
 sunshine. 
 
 LEADER Who slew him then? Can thy dream-lore tell us that?
 
 HECUBA  (chanting) 'Twas my own, own friend, the knight of Thrace,
 with whom his aged sire had placed the boy in hiding. 
 
 LEADER O horror! what wilt thou say? did he slay him to get the gold?
 
 HECUBA  (chanting) O awful crime! O deed without a name! beggaring
 wonder! impious! intolerable! Where are now the laws 'twixt guest
 and host? Accursed monster! how hast thou mangled his flesh, slashing
 the poor child's limbs with ruthless sword, lost to all sense of pity!
 
 LEADER Alas for thee! how some deity, whose hand is heavy on thee,
 hath sent thee troubles beyond all other mortals! But yonder I see
 our lord and master Agamemnon coming; so let us be still henceforth,
 my friends.  (AGAMEMNON enters.)  
 
 AGAMEMNON Hecuba, why art thou delaying to come and bury thy daughter?
 for it was for this that Talthybius brought me thy message begging
 that none of the Argives should touch thy child. And so I granted
 this, and none is touching her, but this long delay of thine fills
 me with wonder. Wherefore am I come to send thee hence; for our part
 there is well performed; if herein there be any place for "well."
 (He sees the body.)  Ha! what man is this I see near the tents, some
 Trojan's corpse? 'tis not an Argive's body; that the garments it is
 clad in tell me. 
 
 HECUBA  (aside) Unhappy one! in naming thee I name myself; O Hecuba,
 what shall do? throw myself here at Agamemnon's knees, or bear my
 sorrows in silence? 
 
 AGAMEMNON Why dost thou turn thy back towards me and weep, refusing
 to say, what has happened, or who this is? 
 
 HECUBA  (aside) But should he count me as a slave and foe and spurn
 me from his knees, I should but add to my anguish. 
 
 AGAMEMNON I am no prophet born; wherefore, if I be not told, I cannot
 learn the current of thy thoughts. 
 
 HECUBA  (aside) Can it be that in estimating this man's feelings
 I make him out too ill-disposed, when he is not really so?
 
 AGAMEMNON If thy wish really is that I should remain in ignorance,
 we are of one mind; for I have no wish myself to listen.
 
 HECUBA  (aside) Without his aid I shall not be able to avenge my
 children. Why do still ponder the matter? I must do and dare whether
 I win or lose.  (Turning to AGAMEMNON)  O Agamemnon! by thy knees,
 by thy beard and conquering hand I implore thee. 
 
 AGAMEMNON What is thy desire? to be set free? that is easily done.
 
 HECUBA Not that; give me vengeance on the wicked, and evermore am
 I willing to lead a life of slavery. 
 
 AGAMEMNON Well, but why dost thou call me to thy aid? 
 
 HECUBA 'Tis a matter thou little reckest of, O king. Dost see this
 corpse, for whom my tears now flow? 
 
 AGAMEMNON I do; but what is to follow, I cannot guess. 
 
 HECUBA He was my child in days gone by; I bore him in my womb.
 
 AGAMEMNON Which of thy sons is he, poor sufferer? 
 
 HECUBA Not one of Priam's race who fell 'neath Ilium's walls.
 
 AGAMEMNON Hadst thou any son besides those, lady? 
 
 HECUBA Yes, him thou seest here, of whom, methinks, I have small
 gain. 
 
 AGAMEMNON Where then was he, when his city was being destroyed?
 
 HECUBA His father, fearful of his death, conveyed him out of Troy.
 
 AGAMEMNON Where did he place him apart from all the sons he then
 had? 
 
 HECUBA Here in this very land, where his corpse was found.
 
 AGAMEMNON With Polymestor, the king of this country? 
 
 HECUBA Hither was he sent in charge of gold, most bitter trust!
 
 AGAMEMNON By whom was he slain? what death o'ertook him?
 
 HECUBA By whom but by this man? His Thracian host slew him.
 
 AGAMEMNON The wretch! could he have been so eager for the treasure?
 
 HECUBA Even so; soon as ever he heard of the Phrygians' disaster.
 
 AGAMEMNON Where didst find him? or did some one bring his corpse?
 
 HECUBA This maid, who chanced upon it on the sea-shore.
 
 AGAMEMNON Was she seeking it, or bent on other tasks? 
 
 HECUBA She had gone to fetch water from the sea to wash Polyxena.
 
 AGAMEMNON It seems then his host slew him and cast his body out to
 sea. 
 
 HECUBA Aye, for the waves to toss, after mangling him thus.
 
 AGAMEMNON Woe is thee for thy measureless troubles! 
 
 HECUBA I am ruined; no evil now is left, O Agamemnon. 
 
 AGAMEMNON Look you! what woman was ever born to such misfortune?
 
 HECUBA There is none, unless thou wouldst name misfortune herself.
 But hear my reason for throwing myself at thy knees. If my treatment
 seems to thee deserved, I will be content; but, if otherwise, help
 me to punish this most godless host, that hath wrought a deed most
 damned, fearless alike of gods in heaven or hell; who, though full
 oft he had shared my board and been counted first of all my guest-friends
 and after meeting with every kindness he could claim and receiving
 my consideration, slew my son, and bent though he was on murder, deigned
 not to bury him but cast his body forth to sea. 
 
 I may be a slave and weak as well, but the gods are strong, and custom
 too which prevails o'er them, for by custom it is that we believe
 in them and set up bounds of right and wrong for our lives. Now if
 this principle, when referred to thee, is to be set at naught, and
 they are to escape punishment who murder guests or dare to plunder
 the temples of gods, then is all fairness in things human at an end.
 Deem this then a disgrace and show regard for me, have pity on me,
 and, like an artist standing back from his picture, look on me and
 closely scan my piteous state. I was once queen, but now I am thy
 slave; a happy mother once, but now childless and old alike, reft
 of city, utterly forlorn, the most wretched woman living. Ah! woe
 is me! whither wouldst thou withdraw thy steps from me?  (as AGAMEMNON
 is turning away)  My efforts then will be in vain, ah me! ah me! Why,
 oh! why do we mortals toil, as needs we must, and seek out all other
 sciences, but persuasion, the only real mistress of mankind, we take
 no furthur pains to master completely by offering to pay for the knowledge,
 so that any man might upon occasion convince his fellows as he pleased
 and gain his point as well? How shall anyone hereafter hope for prosperity?
 All those my sons are gone from me, and I, their mother, am led away
 into captivity to suffer shame, while yonder I see the smoke leaping
 up o'er my city. Further-though perhaps this were idly urged, to plead
 thy love, still will I put the case:-at thy side lies my daughter,
 Cassandra, the maid inspired, as the Phrygians call her. How then,
 king, wilt thou acknowledge those nights of rapture, or what return
 shall she my daughter or I her mother have for all the love she has
 lavished on her lord? For from darkness and the endearments of the
 night mortals reap by far their keenest joys. Hearken then; dost see
 this corpse? By doing him a service thou wilt do it to a kinsman of
 thy bride's. One thing only have I yet to urge. Oh! would I had a
 voice in arms, in hands, in hair and feet, placed there by the arts
 of Daedalus or some god, that all together they might with tears embrace
 thy knees, bringing a thousand pleas to bear on thee! O my lord and
 master, most glorious light of Hellas, listen, stretch forth a helping
 hand to this aged woman, for all she is a thing of naught; still do
 so. For 'tis ever a good man's duty to succour the right, and to punish
 evil-doers wherever found. 
 
 LEADER 'Tis strange how each extreme doth meet in human life! Custom
 determines even our natural ties, making the most bitter foes friends,
 and regarding as foes those who formerly were friends. 
 
 AGAMEMNON Hecuba, I feel compassion for thee and thy son and thy
 ill-fortune, as well as for thy suppliant gesture, and I would gladly
 see yon impious host pay thee this forfeit for the sake of heaven
 and justice, could I but find some way to help thee without appearing
 to the army to have plotted the death of the Thracian king for Cassandra's
 sake. For on one point I am assailed by perplexity; the army count
 this man their friend, the dead their foe; that he is dear to thee
 is a matter apart, wherein the army has no share. Reflect on this;
 for though thou find'st me ready to share thy toil and quick to lend
 my aid, yet the risk of being reproached by the Achaeans makes me
 hesitate. 
 
 HECUBA Ah! there is not in the world a single man free; for he is
 either a slave to money or to fortune, or else the people in their
 thousands or the fear of public prosecution prevents him from following
 the dictates of his heart. 
 
 But since thou art afraid, deferring too much to the rabble, I will
 rid thee of that fear. Thus; be privy to my plot if I devise mischief
 against this murderer, but refrain from any share in it. And if there
 break out among the Achaeans any uproar or attempt at rescue, when
 the Thracian is suffering his doom, check it, though without seeming
 to do so for my sake. For what remains, take heart; I will arrange
 everything well. 
 
 AGAMEMNON How? what wilt thou do? wilt take a sword in thy old hand
 and slay the barbarian, or hast thou drugs or what to help thee? Who
 will take thy part? whence wilt thou procure friends? 
 
 HECUBA Sheltered beneath these tents is a host of Trojan women.
 
 AGAMEMNON Dost mean the captives, the booty of the Hellenes?
 
 HECUBA With their help will I punish my murderous foe. 
 
 AGAMEMNON How are women to master men? 
 
 HECUBA Numbers are a fearful thing, and joined to craft a desperate
 foe. 
 
 AGAMEMNON True; still I have a mean opinion of the female race.
 
 HECUBA What? did not women slay the sons of Aegyptus, and utterly
 clear Lemnos of men? But let it be even thus; put an end to our conference,
 and send this woman for me safely through the host. And do thou  (To
 servant)  draw near my Thracian friend and say, "Hecuba, once queen
 of Ilium, summons thee, on thy own business no less than hers, thy
 children too, for they also must hear what she has to say."  (The
 servant goes out.)  Defer awhile, Agamemnon, the burial of Polyxena
 lately slain, that brother and sister may be laid on the same pyre
 and buried side by side, a double cause of sorrow to their mother.
 
 AGAMEMNON So shall it be; yet had the host been able to sail, I could
 not have granted thee this boon; but, as it is, since the god sends
 forth no favouring breeze, we needs must abide, seeing, as we do,
 that sailing cannot be. Good luck to thee! for this is the interest
 alike of citizen and state, that the wrong-doer be punished and the
 good man prosper.  (AGAMEMNON departs as HECUBA withdraws into the
 tent.)  
 
 CHORUS  (singing, strophe 1)
 
 No more, my native Ilium, shalt thou be counted among the towns ne'er
 sacked; so thick a cloud of Hellene troops is settling all around,
 wasting thee with the spear; shorn art thou of thy coronal of towers,
 and fouled most piteously with filthy soot; no more, ah me! shall
 tread thy streets. 
 
 (antistrophe 1)
 
 'Twas in the middle of the night my ruin came, in the hour when sleep
 steals sweetly o'er the eyes after the feast is done. My husband,
 the music o'er, and the sacrifice that sets the dance afoot now ended,
 was lying in our bridal-chamber, his spear hung on a peg; with never
 a thought of the sailor-throng encamped upon the Trojan shores;
 
 (strophe 2)
 
 and I was braiding my tresses 'neath a tight-drawn snood before my
 golden mirror's countless rays, that I might lay me down to rest;
 when lo! through the city rose a din, and a cry went ringing down
 the streets of Troy, "Ye sons of Hellas, when, oh! when will ye sack
 the citadel of Ilium, and seek your homes?" 
 
 (antistrophe 2)
 
 Up sprang I from my bed, with only a mantle about me, like Dorian
 maid, and sought in vain, ah me! to station myself at the holy hearth
 of Artemis; for, after seeing my husband slain, I was hurried away
 o'er the broad sea; with many a backward look at my city, when the
 ship began her homeward voyage and parted me from Ilium's strand;
 till alas! for very grief I fainted, 
 
 (epode)
 
 cursing Helen the sister of the Dioscuri, and Paris the baleful shepherd
 of Ida; for 'twas their marriage, which was no marriage but a curse
 by some demon sent, that robbed me of my country and drove me from
 my home. Oh! may the sea's salt flood neer carry her home again; and
 may she never set foot in her father's halls!  (HECUBA comes out of
 the tent as POLYMESTOR, his children and guards enter.)  
 
 POLYMESTOR My dear friend Priam, and thou no less, Hecuba, I weep
 to see thee and thy city thus, and thy daughter lately slain. Alas!
 there is naught to be relied on; fair fame is insecure, nor is there
 any guarantee that weal will not be turned to woe. For the gods confound
 our fortunes, tossing them to and fro, and introduce confusion, that
 our perplexity may make us worship them. But what boots it to bemoan
 these things, when it brings one no nearer to heading the trouble?
 If thou art blaming me at all for my absence, stay a moment; I was
 away in the very heart of Thrace when thou wast brought hither; but
 on my return, just as I was starting from my home for the same purpose,
 thy maid fell in with me, and gave me thy message, which brought me
 here at once. 
 
 HECUBA Polymestor, I am holden in such wretched plight that I blush
 to meet thine eye; for my present evil case makes me ashamed to face
 thee who didst see me in happier days, and I cannot look on thee with
 unfaltering gaze. Do not then think it ill-will on my part, Polymestor;
 there is another cause as well, I mean the custom which forbids women
 to meet men's gaze. 
 
 POLYMESTOR No wonder, surely. But what need hast thou of me? Why
 didst send for me to come hither from my house? 
 
 HECUBA I wish to tell thee and thy children a private matter of my
 own; prithee, bid thy attendants withdraw from the tent.
 
 POLYMESTOR  (to his Attendants) Retire; this desert spot is safe
 enough.  (The guards go out; to HECUBA)  Thou art my friend, and this
 Achaean host is well-disposed to me. But thou must tell me how prosperity
 is to succour its unlucky friends; for ready am I to do so.
 
 HECUBA First tell me of the child Polydorus, whom thou art keeping
 in thy halls, received from me and his father; is he yet alive? The
 rest will I ask thee after that. 
 
 POLYMESTOR Yes, thou still hast a share in fortune there.
 
 HECUBA Well said, dear friend! how worthy of thee! 
 
 POLYMESTOR What next wouldst learn of me? 
 
 HECUBA Hath he any recollection of me his mother? 
 
 POLYMESTOR Aye, he was longing to steal away hither to thee.
 
 HECUBA Is the gold safe, which he brought with him from Troy?
 
 POLYMESTOR Safe under lock and key in my halls. 
 
 HECUBA There keep it, but covet not thy neighbour's goods.
 
 POLYMESTOR Not I; God grant me luck of what I have, lady!
 
 HECUBA Dost know what I wish to say to thee and thy children?
 
 POLYMESTOR Not yet; thy words maybe will declare it. 
 
 HECUBA May it grow as dear to thee as thou now art to me!
 
 POLYMESTOR What is it that I and my children are to learn?
 
 HECUBA There be ancient vaults filled full of gold by Priam's line.
 
 POLYMESTOR Is it this thou wouldst tell thy son? 
 
 HECUBA Yes, by thy lips, for thou art a righteous man. 
 
 POLYMESTOR What need then of these children's presence?
 
 HECUBA 'Tis better they should know it, in case of thy death.
 
 POLYMESTOR True; 'tis also the wiser way. 
 
 HECUBA Well, dost thou know where stands the shrine of Trojan Athena?
 
 POLYMESTOR Is the gold there? what is there to mark it?
 
 HECUBA A black rock rising above the ground. 
 
 POLYMESTOR Is there aught else thou wouldst tell me about the place?
 
 HECUBA I wish to keep safe the treasure I brought from Troy.
 
 POLYMESTOR Where can it be? inside thy dress, or hast thou it hidden?
 
 HECUBA 'Tis safe amid a heap of spoils within these tents.
 
 POLYMESTOR Where? This is the station built by the Achaeans to surround
 their fleet. 
 
 HECUBA The captive women have huts of their own. 
 
 POLYMESTOR It is safe to enter? are there no men about?
 
 HECUBA There are no Achaeans within; we are alone. Enter then the
 tent, for the Argives are eager to set sail from Troy for home; and,
 when thou hast accomplished all that is appointed thee, thou shalt
 return with thy children to that bourn where thou hast lodged my son.
 (HECUBA leads POLYMESTOR and his children into the tent.)
 
 CHORUS  (chanting) Not yet hast thou paid the penalty, but maybe
 thou yet wilt; like one who slips and falls into the surge with no
 haven near, so shalt thou lose thy own life for the life thou hast
 taken. For where the rights of justice and the law of heaven are one,
 there is ruin fraught with death and doom. Thy hopes of this journey
 shall cheat thee, for it hath led thee, unhappy wretch! to the halls
 of death; and to no warrior's hand shalt thou resign thy life.
 
 POLYMESTOR  (within the tent) O horror! I am blinded of the light
 of my eyes, ah me! 
 
 LEADER OF THE CHORUS Heard ye, friends, that Thracian's cry of woe?
 
 POLYMESTOR  (within) O horror! horror! my children! O the cruel blow.
 
 LEADER Friends, new ills are brought to pass in yonder tent.
 
 POLYMESTOR  (within) Nay, ye shall never escape for all your hurried
 flight; for with my fist will I burst open the inmost recesses of
 this hall. 
 
 LEADER Hark! how he launches ponderous blows! Shall we force an entry?
 The crisis calls on us to aid Hecuba and the Trojan women.  (HECUBA
 enters, calling back into the tent.)  
 
 HECUBA Strike on, spare not, burst the doors! thou shalt ne'er replace
 bright vision in thy eyes nor ever see thy children, whom I have slain,
 alive again. 
 
 LEADER What! hast thou foiled the Thracian, and is the stranger in
 thy power, mistress mine? is all thy threat now brought to pass?
 
 HECUBA A moment, and thou shalt see him before the tent, his eyes
 put out, with random step advancing as a blind man must; yea, and
 the bodies of his two children whom I with my brave daughters of Troy
 did slay; he hath paid me his forfeit; look where he cometh from the
 tent. I will withdraw out of his path and stand aloof from the hot
 fury of this Thracian, my deadly foe.  (POLYMESTOR rushes out. Blood
 is streaming from his eyes.)  
 
 POLYMESTOR  (chanting) Woe is me! whither can I go, where halt, or
 whither turn? shall crawl upon my hands like a wild four-footed beast
 on their track? Which path shall I take first, this or that, eager
 as I am to clutch those Trojan murderesses that have destroyed me?
 Out upon ye, cursed daughters of Phrygia! to what corner have ye fled
 cowering before me? O sun-god, would thou couldst heal my bleeding
 orbs, ridding me of my blindness! 
 
 Ha! hush! I catch their stealthy footsteps here. Where can I dart
 on them and gorge me on their flesh and bones, making for myself wild
 beasts' meal, exacting vengeance in requital of their outrage on me?
 Ah, woe is me! whither am I rushing, leaving my babes unguarded for
 hell-hounds to mangle, to be murdered and ruthlessly cast forth upon
 the hills, a feast of blood for dogs? Where shall I stay or turn my
 steps? where rest? like a ship that lies anchored at sea, so gathering
 close my linen robe I rush to that chamber of death, to guard my babes.
 
 LEADER Woe is thee! what grievous outrage hath been wreaked on thee!
 fearful penalty for thy foul deed hath the deity imposed, whoe'er
 he is whose hand is heavy upon thee. 
 
 POLYMESTOR  (chanting) Woe is me! Ho! my Thracian spearmen, clad
 in mail, a race of knights whom Ares doth inspire! Ho! Achaeans! sons
 of Atreus ho! to you I loudly call; come hither, in God's name come!
 Doth any hearken, or will no man help me? Why do ye delay? Women,
 captive women have destroyed me. A fearful fate is mine; ah me my
 hideous outrage! Whither can I turn or go? Shall I take wings and
 soar aloft to the mansions of the sky, where Orion and Sirius dart
 from their eyes a flash as of fire, or shall I, in my misery, plunge
 to Hades' murky flood? 
 
 LEADER 'Tis a venial sin, when a man, suffering from evils too heavy
 to bear, rids himself of a wretched existence.  (AGAMEMNON and his
 retinue enter.)  
 
 AGAMEMNON Hearing a cry I am come hither; for Echo, child of the
 mountain-rock, hath sent her voice loud-ringing through the host,
 causing a tumult. Had I not known that Troy's towers were levelled
 by the might of Hellas, this uproar had caused no slight terror.
 
 POLYMESTOR Best of friends! for by thy voice I know thee, Agamemnon,
 dost see my piteous state? 
 
 AGAMEMNON What! hapless Polymestor, who hath stricken thee? who hath
 reft thine eves of sight, staining the pupils with blood? who hath
 slain these children? whoe'er he was, fierce must have been his wrath
 against thee and thy children. 
 
 POLYMESTOR Hecuba, helped by the captive women, hath destroyed me;
 no! not destroyed, far worse than that. 
 
 AGAMEMNON  (addressing HECUBA) What hast thou to say? Was it thou
 that didst this deed, as he avers? thou, Hecuba, that hast ventured
 on this inconceivable daring? 
 
 POLYMESTOR Ha! what is that? is she somewhere near? show me, tell
 me where, that I may grip her in my hands and rend her limb from limb,
 bespattering her with gore. 
 
 AGAMEMNON Ho! madman, what wouldst thou? 
 
 POLYMESTOR By heaven I entreat thee, let me vent on her the fury
 of my arm. 
 
 AGAMEMNON Hold! banish that savage spirit from thy heart and plead
 thy cause, that after hearing thee and her in turn I may fairly decide
 what reason there is for thy present sufferings. 
 
 POLYMESTOR I will tell my tale. There was a son of Priam, Polydorus,
 the youngest, a child by Hecuba, whom his father Priam sent to me
 from Troy to bring up in my halls, suspecting no doubt the fall of
 Troy. Him I slew; but hear my reason for so doing, to show how cleverly
 and wisely I had planned. My fear was that if that child were left
 to be thy enemy, he would re-people Troy and settle it afresh; and
 the Achaeans, knowing that a son of Priam survived, might bring another
 expedition against the Phrygian land and harry and lay waste these
 plains of Thrace hereafter, for the neighbours of Troy to experience
 the very troubles we were lately suffering, O king. Now Hecuba, having
 discovered the death of her son, brought me hither on this pretext,
 saying she would tell me of hidden treasure stored up in Ilium by
 the race of Priam; and she led me apart with my children into the
 tent, that none but I might hear her news. So I sat me down on a couch
 in their midst to rest; for there were many of the Trojan maidens
 seated there, some on my right hand, some on my left, as it had been
 beside a friend; and they were praising the weaving of our Thracian
 handiwork, looking at this robe as they held it up to the light; meantime
 others examined my Thracian spear and so stripped me of the protection
 of both. And those that were young mothers were dandling my children
 in their arms, with loud admiration, as they passed them on from hand
 to hand to remove them far from their father; and then after their
 smooth speeches  (wouldst thou believe it?)  in an instant snatching
 daggers from some secret place in their dress they stab my children;
 whilst others, like foes, seized me hand and foot; and if I tried
 to raise my head, anxious to help my babes, they would clutch me by
 the hair; while if I stirred my hands, I could do nothing, poor wretch!
 for the numbers of the women. At last they wrought a fearful deed,
 worse than what had gone before; for they took their brooches and
 stabbed the pupils of my hapless eyes, making them gush with blood,
 and then fled through the chambers; up I sprang like a wild beast
 in pursuit of the shameless murderesses, searching along each wall
 with hunter's care, dealing buffets, spreading ruin. This then is
 what I have suffered because of my zeal for thee, O Agamemnon, for
 slaying an enemy of thine. But to spare thee a lengthy speech; if
 any of the men of former times have spoken ill of women, if any doth
 so now, or shall do so hereafter, all this in one short sentence will
 say; for neither land or sea produces a race so pestilent, as whosoever
 hath had to do with them knows full well. 
 
 LEADER Curb thy bold tongue, and do not, because of thy own woes,
 thus embrace the whole race of women in one reproach; for though some
 of us, and those a numerous class, deserve to be disliked, there are
 others amongst us who rank naturally amongst the good. 
 
 HECUBA Never ought words to have outweighed deeds in this world,
 Agamemnon. No! if a man's deeds had been good, so should his words
 have been; if, on the other hand, evil, his words should have betrayed
 their unsoundness, instead of its being possible at times to give
 a fair complexion to injustice. There are, 'tis true, clever persons,
 who have made a science of this, but their cleverness cannot last
 for ever; a miserable end awaits them; none ever yet escaped. This
 is a warning I give thee at the outset. Now will I turn to this fellow,
 and will give thee thy answer, thou who sayest it was to save Achaea
 double toil and for Agamemnon's sake that thou didst slay my son.
 Nay, villain, in the first place how could the barbarian race ever
 be friends with Hellas? Impossible, ever. Again, what interest hadst
 thou to further by thy zeal? was it to form some marriage, or on the
 score of kin, or, prithee, why? or was it likely that they would sail
 hither again and destroy thy country's crops? Whom dost thou expect
 to persuade into believing that? Wouldst thou but speak the truth,
 it was the gold that slew my son, and thy greedy spirit. Now tell
 me this; why, when Troy was victorious, when her ramparts still stood
 round her, when Priam was alive, and Hector's warring prospered, why
 didst thou not, if thou wert really minded to do Agamemnon a service,
 then slay the child, for thou hadst him in thy palace 'neath thy care,
 or bring him with thee alive to the Argives? Instead of this, when
 our sun was set and the smoke of our city showed it was in the enemy's
 power, thou didst murder the guest who had come to thy hearth. Furthermore,
 to prove thy villainly, hear this; if thou wert really a friend to
 those Achaeans, thou shouldst have brought the gold, which thou sayst
 thou art keeping not for thyself but for Agamemnon, and given it to
 them, for they were in need and had endured a long exile from their
 native land. Whereas not even now canst thou bring thyself to part
 with it, but persistest in keeping it in thy palace. Again, hadst
 thou kept my son safe and sound, as thy duty was, a fair renown would
 have been thy reward, for it is in trouble's hour that the good most
 clearly show their friendship; though prosperity of itself in every
 case finds friends. Wert thou in need of money and he prosperous,
 that son of mine would have been as a mighty treasure for thee to
 draw upon; but now thou hast him no longer to be thy friend, and the
 benefit of the gold is gone from thee, thy children too are dead,
 and thyself art in this sorry plight. 
 
 To thee, Agamemnon, I say, if thou help this man, thou wilt show thy
 worthlessness; for thou wilt be serving one devoid of honour or piety,
 a stranger to the claims of good faith, a wicked host; while I shall
 say thou delightest in evil-doers, being such an one thyself; but
 I rail not at my masters. 
 
 LEADER Look you! how a good cause ever affords men an opening for
 a good speech. 
 
 AGAMEMNON To be judge in a stranger's troubles goes much against
 my grain, but still I must; yea, for to take this matter in hand and
 then put it from me is a shameful course. My opinion, that thou mayst
 know it, is that it was not for the sake of the Achaeans or me that
 thou didst slay thy guest, but to keep that gold in thy own house.
 In thy trouble thou makest a case in thy own interests. Maybe amongst
 you 'tis a light thing to murder guests, but with us in Hellas 'tis
 a disgrace. How can I escape reproach if I judge the not guilty? I
 cannot do it. Nay, since thou didst dare thy horrid crime, endure
 as well its painful consequence. 
 
 POLYMESTOR Woe is me! worsted by a woman and a slave, I am, it seems,
 to suffer by unworthy hands. 
 
 HECUBA Is it not just for thy atrocious crime? 
 
 POLYMESTOR Ah, my children! ah, my blinded eyes! woe is me!
 
 HECUBA Dost thou grieve? what of me? thinkst thou I grieve not for
 my son? 
 
 POLYMESTOR Thou wicked wretch! thy delight is in mocking me.
 
 HECUBA I am avenged on thee; have I not cause for joy? 
 
 POLYMESTOR The joy will soon cease, in the day when ocean's flood-
 
 HECUBA Shall convey me to the shores of Hellas? 
 
 POLYMESTOR Nay, but close o'er thee when thou fallest from the masthead.
 
 HECUBA Who will force me to take the leap? 
 
 POLYMESTOR Of thy own accord wilt thou climb the ship's mast.
 
 HECUBA With wings upon my back, or by what means? 
 
 POLYMESTOR Thou wilt become a dog with bloodshot eyes. 
 
 HECUBA How knowest thou of my transformation? 
 
 POLYMESTOR Dionysus, our Thracian prophet, told me so. 
 
 HECUBA And did he tell thee nothing of thy present trouble?
 
 POLYMESTOR No; else hadst thou never caught me thus by guile.
 
 HECUBA Shall I die or live, and so complete my life on earth?
 
 POLYMESTOR Die shalt thou; and to thy tomb shall be given a name-
 
 HECUBA Recalling my form, or what wilt thou tell me? 
 
 POLYMESTOR "The hapless hound's grave," a mark for mariners."
 
 HECUBA 'Tis naught to me, now that thou hast paid me forfeit.
 
 POLYMESTOR Further, thy daughter Cassandra must die. 
 
 HECUBA I scorn the prophecy! I give it to thee to keep for thyself.
 
 POLYMESTOR Her shall the wife of Agamemnon, grim keeper of his palace,
 slay. 
 
 HECUBA Never may the daughter of Tyndareus do such a frantic deed!
 
 POLYMESTOR And she shall slay this king as well, lifting high the
 axe. 
 
 AGAMEMNON Ha! sirrah, art thou mad? art so eager to find sorrow?
 
 POLYMESTOR Kill me, for in Argos there awaits thee a murderous bath.
 
 AGAMEMNON Ho! servants, hale him from my sight 
 
 POLYMESTOR Ha! my words gall thee? 
 
 AGAMEMNON Stop his mouth! 
 
 POLYMESTOR Close it now; for I have spoken. 
 
 AGAMEMNON Haste and cast him upon some desert island, since his mouth
 is full of such exceeding presumption. Go thou, unhappy Hecuba, and
 bury thy two corpses; and you, Trojan women, to your masters' tents
 repair, for lo! I perceive a breeze just rising to waft us home. God
 grant we reach our country and find all well at home, released from
 troubles here!  (POLYMESTOR is dragged away by AGAMEMNON'S guards.)
 
 CHORUS  (chanting) Away to the harbour and the tents, my friends,
 to prove the toils of slavery! for such is fate's relentless hest.
 
 THE END