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Magic Songs of the West Finns, Vol. I, by John Abercromby, [1898], at sacred-texts.com


p. viii p. x p. ix

CONTENTS

 

PAGE

Value of Additional Letters of the Alphabet

xiii

Full Titles of Books consulted and referred to

xiv

Illustrations

xxiii

 

 

CHAPTER I

 

GEOGRAPHICAL, POSITION AND CRANIOLOGY OF THE FINNS

 

Geographical Position of the Western Finns

3

Geographical Position of the Eastern Finns

7

The Čudes

13

Physical Features of the Country

15

Physical and Mental Characteristics of the Finns

17

The Mordvins

21

The Čeremis

26

The Votiaks

28

Permians and Zịrians

29

Table I.

32

Finnish Crania

33

Tables II. and III.

34, 35

Crania from the Baltic Provinces

40

Table IV.

42

Table V.

45

Table VI.

47

p. x

 

 

 

CHAPTER II

 

 

PAGE

The Neolithic Age in Finland

53

Neolithic Man or the Shores of Lake Ladoga and Eastwards

58

Table VII.

59

The Station of Kolomtsị

65

Finds in Olónets

66

The Valley of the Oká

68

The Valley of the Volga

73

The Government of Viátka

76

The Government of Perm

78

Neolithic Period in the Baltic Provinces

80

General Conclusions

84

The Bronze Age in Finland

87

The Bronze Age in Northern Russia

89

Fatianovo Crania

92

The Bronze Age in the Baltic Provinces

95

The Transition from Bronze to Iron

96

The Earlier Iron Age in Finland

101

The Earlier Iron Age in the Baltic Provinces

103

Table VIII. facing

109

The Earlier Iron Age in Eastern Russia

117

 

 

CHAPTER III

 

Historical Notices of Classical Authors, etc.

126

 

 

CHAPTER IV

 

THE PREHISTORIC CIVILISATION OF THE FINNS

 

The Gods and Divinities

150

Clan Gods

162

Beliefs, Wizards

168

Ancestral Worship

176

p. xi

 

 

PAGE

The Family

179

Classifactory System of Relationship

185

Mutual Avoidance

194

Personal Names

195

The House, Domestic Occupations, etc.

197

The Metals

204

Domestic Animals

213

Tree-Names

222

Reasons for supposing that the Finns have been in Europe since the beginning of the Neolithic Period in North Central Russia

224

Table IX., showing the Range of forty-nine Culture-Words

225

 

 

CHAPTER V

 

The Third or Iranian Period

228

The Volga, the old Trade Route

239

The Fourth or Lithuanian Period

242

The Fifth or Proto-Scandinavian Period

249

Geographical Position of the West Finns at this time

255

The Sixth or Early Slav Period

257

The Seventh or Tatar Period

260

Loan-Words of the Mordvins

261

Loan Words of the Čeremis

264

Loan-Words of the Votiaks

266

 

 

CHAPTER VI

 

BELIEFS OF THE WEST FINNS AS EXHIBITED IN THE MAGIC SONGS

 

Spirits

271

Ukko

273

Ilmarinen

278

p. xii

 

Väinämöinen

280

Tapio and the Divinities of the Forest

285

Hiisi

292

Lempo

299

Water-Spirits—Ahti, Vellamo, etc.

300

Earth-Spirits, Sämpsä Pellervoinen

302

Luonto (Nature)—Luonnotar

306

Maidens of the Air, of Springs, etc.

309

Pohjola

314

Lapland, Turja

318

Personifications of Death—Kalma, Tuoni, Mana

320

Sun, Moon, Great Bear

323

Elves, Brownies

326

Giants—Tursas, Turilas

328

Rahkoi

329

Perkele, Piru

329

God, the Creator

331

Jesus, Mary

335

Saints

339

Kaleva

341

Wizards, Sorcerers, etc.

344

Disease

348

   Inducements to depart

349

   Places whither Diseases are conjured

351

   Instruments

353

   Defensive Precautions

354

   Helpers

355

   Precedents

358

   Blessing and Cursing

359

   Offerings, Worship

362


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